Module 2 Flashcards
refers to a severe, chronic disability of a child five years of age or older
-Developmental disability
refers to reduced function or loss of a specific part of the body or organ. A person may have disabilities such as blindness or low vision, deafness or hard of hearing condition, mental retardation, learning disabilities, communication disorders, emotional and behavioral disorders, physical and health impairments and severe disabilities.
-Impairment or Disability
These disabilities or impairments limit or restrict the normal functions of a particular organ of the body. In the case of the hearing do not function normally and restrict the person’s seeing and hearing
-Impairment or Disability
is impaired in communication disorders and causes the person to have voice problems, improper rhythm and timing in speech and even stuttering.
- The speech mechanism
are impaired in cases of physical and health impairments and severe disabilities. The results are crippling conditions, cerebral palsy and other physical disabilities, Impairment and disability are used interchangeably.
-The skeletal and nervous systems
Some Common Disorders/Disabilities
-Global Development delay
-Mental Retardation
-down syndrome
-autism
-Specific Learning Disability (SLD)
-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
-conduct disorder
-Oppositional Defiant Disorder
-traumatic brain injury
-Cerebral Palsy
-Tourette syndrome
-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
-hearing impairment
-Visual Impairments
-Deaf-blindness
-Communication Disorder
-Multiple Disabilities
-Orthopaedic Impairments
-Serious Emotional Disturbance (SED)
- implies that the child has delays in all areas of development.
-Global Developmental Delay
– characterized by severe delayed development in the acquisition of cognitive, language, motor, or social skills.
-Mental Retardation
– is a form of mental retardation resulting from a genetic abnormality – an extra twenty-first chromosome. Children with this condition have forty-seven, instead of the normal forty-six chromosomes.
-Down syndrome
– is a very serious lifelong developmental disorder characterized by severe impairment in the development of verbal and nonverbal communication skills, marked impairment in reciprocal social interaction (a lack of responsiveness to or interest in people), and almost non-existent imaginative activity. Also known as infantile autism or Kanner’s syndrome.
-Autism
– a severe learning problem due to a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in acquiring, organizing, or expressing information that manifests itself in school as an impaired ability to listen, reason, speak, read, write, spell or do curriculum.
-Specific Learning Disability (SLD)
– with a persistent pattern of problems in the areas of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development and also significantly inappropriate for their age levels.
-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
– characterized by a persistent pattern of behavior that intrudes and violates the basic rights of others without concern or fear of implications.
-Conduct Disorder
– characterized by patterns of negativistic, hostile and defiant behaviors with peers as well as adults, and with argumentative behaviors towards adults. It is considered less serious than conduct disorder because of the absence of serious behaviors that violate the basic rights of others.an insult to the brain, not a degenerative or
-Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- congenital nature but caused by an external physical force, that may produce a diminished or altered state of consciousness, which results in impairment of cognitive abilities or physical functioning.
-Traumatic Brain Injury
It can also result in the disturbance of behavioral or emotional functioning. These impairments may be either- temporary or permanent.
-Traumatic Brain Injury
– a term used to describe a group of chronic conditions affecting body movements and muscle coordination.
-Cerebral Palsy
– an inherited neurological disorder that develops in childhood characterized by tics - involuntary, rapid, sudden, repetitive muscle movements or vocalizations and often accompanied by other disorder (e.g., ADHD and OCD), lack of impulse control and other behavioural problems.
-Tourette syndrome
- the main characteristics associated with this disorder are persistent obsessions (persistent thoughts, impulses or images) or compulsions (repetitive and intentional acts) that significantly interfere with the individual’s normal daily social, educational, occupational, or environmental routines.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD
- also referred to as “hard of hearing” or “deaf.”
-Hearing Impairment
- a loss of vision that, even when corrected, affects educational performance. It may be mild to moderate to severe in nature. Learners who are blind are unable to read print and usually learn to read and write using Braille.
-Visual Impairments
have limited strengths, vitality, or alertness because of chronic or acute health problems. Conditions that fall into this category include heart conditions, asthma, Tourette syndrome, ADHD, diabetes and so on.
-Other Health Impairments
Others health impairments
-handucap
-at risk
refers to a problem a person with a disability or impairment encounters when interacting with people, events and the physical aspects of the environment. For example, a child with low vision or blindness cannot read the regular print of textbooks.
-Handicap
refers to children who have greater chances than other children to develop a disability.
-At risk
Categories of Children at Risk
-Children with established risk
-Children with biological risk
-Environmental risk
Categories of Children at Risk
-Children with established risk
-Children with biological risk
-Environmental risk
refers to substantial limitations in present functioning.
-Mental retardation
It is characterized by significantly sub-average intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with related limitations in two or more of the following applicable adaptive skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social skills, community use, self-direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure and work.
-Mental retardation
manifests before age 18 (American Association of Mental Retardation, 1992).
-Mental retardation
refers to high performance in intellectual, creative or artistic areas, unusual leadership capacity, and excellence in specific academic field (US Government).
-Giftedness and talent
refers to the traits of above-average general abilities, high level task commitment, and creativity (Renzulli, 1978).
-Giftedness
emphasizes talent as the primary defining characteristic (Feldhusen, 1992).
-Giftedness
shows in superior memory, observational powers, curiosity, creativity, and ability to learn (Piirto, 1994).
-Giftedness
means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or to do mathematical calculations.
-Specific learning disability
exist when the impact that a communication pattern has on a person’s life meets any one of the following criteria(Emerick and Haynes, 1986).:
-Speech and language disorders or communication disorders
is a generic term that includes hearing disabilities ranging from mild to profound, thus encompassing children who are deaf and those who are hard of hearing.
-Hearing impairment
display a wide range of visual dis abilities - from total blindness to relatively good residual (remaining) vision.
-Students with visual impairment
There is a visual restriction of sufficient severity that it interferes with normal progress in a regular educational program without modifications (Scholl, 1986, cited in Heward, 2003).
-Students with visual impairment
may be orthopedic impairments that involve the skeletal system - the bones, joints, limbs, and associated muscles. Or, they may be neurological impairments that involve the nervous system affecting the ability to move, use, feel, or control certain parts of the body.
-Physical impairments
include chronic illnesses, that is, they are present over long periods and tend not to get better or disappear.
-Health impairments
generally encompass individuals with severe and profound disabilities in intellectual, physical and social functioning.
-severe disabilities
frowns on labeling these children as mentally retarded, learning disabled, emotionally disturbed, socially maladapted, blind, deaf or physically disabled. Use of disability labels calls attention to the disability itself and overlooks the more important and positive characteristics of the person. These negative labels cause the “spread phenomenon to permeate the mind of the able-bodied persons.
-The first point of view
is that it is necessary to use workable disability category labels in order to describe the exceptional learning needs for a systematic provision of special education services.
-The second and less popular point of view
are children who have a disability or a combination of disabilities that makes learning or other activities difficult.
-Children with special needs
is a very broad term and every situation is unique.
-Special needs
children include those who have: Mental Retardation, which causes them to develop more slowly than other children.
-Special-needs
, such as a problem expressing themselves or understanding others.
-Speech and Language Impairment
, such as vision problem, cerebral palsy, or other conditions.
-Physical Disability
, which distort messages from their senses. Emotional Disabilities, such as antisocial or other behavioral problems.
-Learning Disabilities
is a legislatively governed enterprise, now a major part of the DepEd’s basic education programs. An intervention designed to prevent, minimize if not eliminate, or remedy children with special needs.
-Special education
