module 2

Question 1

what type of bonds connect proteins

Answer 1

amide bonds

Question 2

what type of bonds connect nucleic acids

Answer 2

phosphate esters

Question 3

what type of bonds connect polysaccharides

Answer 3

acetals

Question 4

what type of bonds connect lipids

Answer 4

reduced aldol (1-3 dicarbonyl)

Question 5

what makes life possible?

Answer 5

modular construction, easy assembly and disassembly of structures

Question 6

what determines binding with biomolecules and drugs

Answer 6

in a 3D way:
- shape and pattern of electron density determines binding
- MAINLY non covalent interactions

in a chemical way:
- covalent bonds

Question 7

what are the 5 main types of amino acid classes

Answer 7

non polar
special
polar
acidic
basic

Question 8

Explain special structure amino acids

Answer 8

Glycine
- flexible structure, allows protein folding

Proline
- conformational rigidity

Question 9

Acidic and basic side chains

Answer 9

acidic exist in deprotonated form (-)

basic exist in protonated form (+)

Question 10

what is the convention for amino acids

Answer 10

N terminus(H3N+) towards C terminus (Deprotonated carboxylic acid)

Question 11

what are reasons for secondary structure

Answer 11

conformational restrictions in amide bonds
- define shape for restriction in rotation
interactions between amide bonds

Question 12

which conformation do amides prefer

Answer 12

s-trans, most stable

Question 13

describe Beta sheets

Answer 13

• can be parallel or antiparallel

Question 14

tertiary structures and attractive forces

Answer 14

• mostly non bonding interactions (h bonds, dipole, LDF, electrostatic)\
• occasionally covalent

Question 15

which amino acid has r configuration at the alpha carbon

Answer 15

• cysteine
• sulfur has higher atomic number than oxygen which reverses the priority for CIP system