Module 2 Flashcards
value you get from observing from experiment or survey
Data
single measurement or observation
Datum
commonly called “raw score”
datum
Collection of measurements and observations
data set
Consist of non-numerical entries and are used to label
Qualitative data
it consists of numerical measurements or counts and can be quantified
quantitative data
it is a phenomenon whose value remains the same from person to person from time to time or from place to place
Constant
it is a phenomenon whose values or categories cannot be predicted with certainty
variables
different types of qualitative data
nominal and ordinal
types of quantitative data
discrete and continuous
qualitative only “classificatory scales” or “lables”
nominal
Numbers that are assigned to categories of any variable may be ranked
ordinal
unit of measurement is arbitrary there is no “true zero” point
interval
it has a “true zero” point, no negative values
ratio
what type of level of measurement is this?
what type of babies is born from January 2021 to August 2021
nominal
what type of level measurement is this?
grades of MLS students for quizzes inbio statistics
ordinal
it is firsthand or raw data
primary data
it is secondhand information already collected and recorded by any person other than the user for a purpose
secondary data
what are the different methods of data collection?
Survey method, observational study, experiment, registration method, and use of existing studies
questions are asked to obtain information either through self administered questionnaire or personal interview
Survey method
attempts to understand the cause-and-effect relationships
possible to record behavior, but only at time of occurrence
observational study
controlled study in which the researcher attempts to understand cause-and-effect relationships
experiment
what are the two types of existing studies?
documentary sources and field measurements
census health, statistics, and weather bureau reports
use of existing studies
uses published or written reports periodicals, and unpublished documents
documentary sources
uses researchers who have done studies on the area of interest are personally or directly for information needed
field measurements
refers to continuous permanent and compulsory recording of the occurrence of vital events together with certain identify or descriptive characteristics concerning them as provided through the civil code laws or regulations of each country
registration methods
what are the types of collecting data
- non-probability sampling
- probability sampling
Sampling procedure that gives every element of the population a (known) nonzero chance of being
selected in the sample
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Sampling technique where the odds of any member being selected for a sample cannot be calculated
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
types of probability sampling
simple random sampling
stratified random sampling
cluster sampling
systematic sampling
multi-stage sampling
and sequential sampling
types of non-probability sampling
purposive sampling
quota sampling
convenience sampling
expert sampling
what is another word for subpopulation
strata
it is when population of N units is divided into strata
stratified sampling
method of sampling where a sample of distinct groups, or clusters, of elements is selected and then a census of every element in the clusters is taken
cluster sampling
method of selecting a sample by taking every kth unit from an ordered population, the first unit being selected at random
systematic sampling
it is divided into a hierarchy of sampling units corresponding to the different sampling stages
multi-stage sampling
the units are drawn one by one in a sequence of without prior fixing of the total number of observations and the results of the drawing at any stage are used to decide whether to terminate sampling or not.
sequential sampling
also known as judgment, selective, or subjective sampling
purposive sampling
sets out to make a sample agree with the profile of the population based on some pre-selected characteristics
purposive sampling
selects a specified number of sampling units possessing certain characteristics
quota sampling
types of quota sampling
controlled and uncontrolled
introduction of certain restrictions in order to limit researcher’s choice of samples
controlled quota sampling
resembles convenience sampling
uncontrolled quota sampling
researcher is free to choose sample group members according to his/her will
uncontrolled quota sampling
one of the most common methods of sampling
convenience sampling
also known as “accidental” or “haphazard” sampling
convenience sampling
what are the levels of measurement
- nominal
- ordinal
- interval
- ratio
what are the major types of data
- qualitative
- quanitative
- constant
- variable
