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Biostatistics > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

value you get from observing from experiment or survey

A

Data

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2
Q

single measurement or observation

A

Datum

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3
Q

commonly called “raw score”

A

datum

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4
Q

Collection of measurements and observations

A

data set

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5
Q

Consist of non-numerical entries and are used to label

A

Qualitative data

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6
Q

it consists of numerical measurements or counts and can be quantified

A

quantitative data

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7
Q

it is a phenomenon whose value remains the same from person to person from time to time or from place to place

A

Constant

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8
Q

it is a phenomenon whose values or categories cannot be predicted with certainty

A

variables

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9
Q

different types of qualitative data

A

nominal and ordinal

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10
Q

types of quantitative data

A

discrete and continuous

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11
Q

qualitative only “classificatory scales” or “lables”

A

nominal

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12
Q

Numbers that are assigned to categories of any variable may be ranked

A

ordinal

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13
Q

unit of measurement is arbitrary there is no “true zero” point

A

interval

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14
Q

it has a “true zero” point, no negative values

A

ratio

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15
Q

what type of level of measurement is this?
what type of babies is born from January 2021 to August 2021

A

nominal

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16
Q

what type of level measurement is this?
grades of MLS students for quizzes inbio statistics

A

ordinal

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17
Q

it is firsthand or raw data

A

primary data

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18
Q

it is secondhand information already collected and recorded by any person other than the user for a purpose

A

secondary data

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19
Q

what are the different methods of data collection?

A

Survey method, observational study, experiment, registration method, and use of existing studies

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20
Q

questions are asked to obtain information either through self administered questionnaire or personal interview

A

Survey method

21
Q

attempts to understand the cause-and-effect relationships

possible to record behavior, but only at time of occurrence

A

observational study

22
Q

controlled study in which the researcher attempts to understand cause-and-effect relationships

A

experiment

23
Q

what are the two types of existing studies?

A

documentary sources and field measurements

24
Q

census health, statistics, and weather bureau reports

A

use of existing studies

25
Q

uses published or written reports periodicals, and unpublished documents

A

documentary sources

26
Q

uses researchers who have done studies on the area of interest are personally or directly for information needed

A

field measurements

27
Q

refers to continuous permanent and compulsory recording of the occurrence of vital events together with certain identify or descriptive characteristics concerning them as provided through the civil code laws or regulations of each country

A

registration methods

28
Q

what are the types of collecting data

A
  • non-probability sampling
  • probability sampling
29
Q

Sampling procedure that gives every element of the population a (known) nonzero chance of being
selected in the sample

A

PROBABILITY SAMPLING

30
Q

Sampling technique where the odds of any member being selected for a sample cannot be calculated

A

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

31
Q

types of probability sampling

A

simple random sampling
stratified random sampling
cluster sampling
systematic sampling
multi-stage sampling
and sequential sampling

32
Q

types of non-probability sampling

A

purposive sampling
quota sampling
convenience sampling
expert sampling

33
Q

what is another word for subpopulation

A

strata

34
Q

it is when population of N units is divided into strata

A

stratified sampling

35
Q

method of sampling where a sample of distinct groups, or clusters, of elements is selected and then a census of every element in the clusters is taken

A

cluster sampling

36
Q

method of selecting a sample by taking every kth unit from an ordered population, the first unit being selected at random

A

systematic sampling

37
Q

it is divided into a hierarchy of sampling units corresponding to the different sampling stages

A

multi-stage sampling

38
Q

the units are drawn one by one in a sequence of without prior fixing of the total number of observations and the results of the drawing at any stage are used to decide whether to terminate sampling or not.

A

sequential sampling

39
Q

also known as judgment, selective, or subjective sampling

A

purposive sampling

40
Q

sets out to make a sample agree with the profile of the population based on some pre-selected characteristics

A

purposive sampling

41
Q

selects a specified number of sampling units possessing certain characteristics

A

quota sampling

42
Q

types of quota sampling

A

controlled and uncontrolled

43
Q

introduction of certain restrictions in order to limit researcher’s choice of samples

A

controlled quota sampling

44
Q

resembles convenience sampling

A

uncontrolled quota sampling

45
Q

researcher is free to choose sample group members according to his/her will

A

uncontrolled quota sampling

46
Q

one of the most common methods of sampling

A

convenience sampling

47
Q

also known as “accidental” or “haphazard” sampling

A

convenience sampling

48
Q

what are the levels of measurement

A
  • nominal
  • ordinal
  • interval
  • ratio
49
Q

what are the major types of data

A
  • qualitative
  • quanitative
  • constant
  • variable

Biostatistics (9 decks)

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