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Infection Control > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

organism that causes diseases that needs to thrive and survive in a host

A

pathogens

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2
Q

how many types of pathogens are there

A

4

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3
Q

what are the transmission of microbes in the dental office

A

pathogenicity of microorganism

ability of the microorganism to survive in the environment

route of transmission

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4
Q

the ability or quality of a pathogen to cause a disease in a host

A

pathogenicity

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5
Q

this pathogen is an infective agent that consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat

A

virus

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6
Q

what are the components of a virus?

A

nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat

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7
Q

what is the protein coat of a virus

A

capsid

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8
Q

this pathogen is a strict parasite

A

viruw

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9
Q

virus is a strict parasite. what does this mean

A

the virus rely completely o the host’s cells to multiply and survive. canot survive without a host

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10
Q

This type of pathogen is antibiotic resistant

A

virus

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11
Q

this type of pathogen is a microscopic, single-celled organism

A

baceria

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12
Q

this type of pathogen can live in the soil or inside the body

A

bacteria

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13
Q

some of this type of pathogen are harmful, while others are helpful

A

bacteria

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14
Q

a type of pathogen that is found anywhere in the environment

A

fungi

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15
Q

what are the components of the fungi

A

nucleus protected by a membrane and a thick cell wall

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16
Q

this type of pathogen is hard to kill, along with virus

A

fungi

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17
Q

the most common fungi that causes oral disease

A

candida albicans

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18
Q

what does candida albicans cause

A

oral candidiasis

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19
Q

this type of pathogen lives in a organism of another species

A

parasite

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20
Q

this type of pathogen live ad feed at the expense of the host

A

parasite

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21
Q

unlike virus, this type of pathogen is often killed with antibiotic

A

parasite

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22
Q

how does a parasite enter another orgaism

A

mouth and skin

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23
Q

give at least 5 examples of parasites

A

protozoa, helminths, arthropods, lice, ticks, mites, bed bugs, flukes, tapeworms

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24
Q

what is the only one parasite that can severely affect the human oral cavity

A

leishmania

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25
Q

what does leishmania cause

A

granulomatous growth disfigurations involving the mouth and nose

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26
Q

what are the two protozoa commonly mentioned i relation to the oral cavity

A

entomoeba gingivalis

trichomona tenax

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27
Q

these are harmless commensals associated with poor oral hygiene

A

entomoeba gingivalis

trichomona tenax

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28
Q

miscarriage; infant may be
symptomless but may develop serious symptoms
later in life like blindness or mental disability;
serious eye or brain damage at birth

A

toxoplasmosis

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29
Q

bloodborne disease that is a retrovirus

A

HIVw

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30
Q

what does HIV mean

A

human Immunodeficiency virus

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31
Q

what does HIV target

A

CD4/ CD4 T lymphocytes/ helper T cells

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32
Q

what is the final stage of HIV

A

AIDS

33
Q

meaning of AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

34
Q

there is no known cure for HIV, however, there is a treatment that reduces viral overload

A

ART

35
Q

what does ART mean

A

antiretroviral therapy

36
Q

give at least 5 common oral manifestations of AIDS

A

xerostomia, candidiasis, HIV-associated periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, epstein0barr virus, kaposi sarcoma

37
Q

most common mode of transmission of HIV

A

anal/vagina sex

sharing of needles or syringes

38
Q

HIV is rarely transmitted through

A

oral sex, blood transfusions, organ/tissue transplants

39
Q

can HIV be transferred from mother to her baby

A

yes

40
Q

give at least 3 examples where HIV is not transmitted

A

casual touching
sharing toilets
closed-mouth kissing
saliva
tears
sweat
insects

41
Q

What kind of precaution should be treated with HIV positive patients

A

Standard precautions

42
Q

what must you request for an HIV positive patient before performing oral services

A

detailed medical history
most recent lab values

43
Q

what will happen is a patient has a very high viral load

A

it is contagious so treatment may be delayed

44
Q

high CD4T cell count and low viral load

A

effective treatment regimen

45
Q

normal CD4 cell count

A

500-1500 cells/ cu mm or 32-68%

46
Q

which cell count is one indication for the diagnosis of AIDS

A

below 200 cells/cu mm

47
Q

how many copies of HIV in the body is normal

A

20-75 copies of HIV/mm of blood

48
Q

Occupational source of greatest risk of HIV transmission

A

percutaneous injuries

49
Q

prevalent and
infectious causes of liver disease

A

hepatitis

50
Q

what kind of precaution must dentists and all staff practice with hepatitis

A

Standard precautions

51
Q

types of hepatitis

A

HAV, HBV, HCV

52
Q

which of the types of hepatitis is preventable thorugh vaccination

A

HBV

53
Q

how many injections in HBV vaccination

A

2-3 injections over the course of 6 months

54
Q

which of the types of hepatitis has o vaccine, but has treatment regimens that can cure more than 90% of cases

A

HCV

55
Q

type of hepa that is acquired primarily through close personal
contact with an infected person and during
foodborne outbreaks.

A

HAV

56
Q

this type of hepatitis does not cause chronic infection

A

HAV

57
Q

mode of transmission of HAV

A

person to person contact

contaminated food or water

blood exposure (VR)

58
Q

what family is the HBV a member of

A

hepadnavirus family

59
Q

what does HBV infect

A

(main) liver

kidneys and pancreas

60
Q

small, enveloped DNA virus

A

HBV

61
Q

this is a particularly stable virus, making it very resistant to disinfection

A

HBV

62
Q

type of hepa that is able to live for a long time outside of the body, therefore making
cross contamination and infection much more likely.

A

HBV

63
Q

how long can HBV survive outside of the body and cause infection

A

at least 7 days

64
Q

mode of transmission of HBV

A

perinatally
percutaneously
sexual contact

open cuts and sores

sexual transmision and IV drug use

65
Q

give at least 3 examples where HBV is not transmitted

A

breastfeeding
food
water
casual touching
kissing
droplets from coughing or sneezing

66
Q

this type of hepa often results in chronic liver infection

A

HCV

67
Q

family of HCV

A

flavivridae

68
Q

small, enveloped RNA

A

HCV

69
Q

what does HCV target

A

human hepatocytes

70
Q

why are most people not aware of being infected with HCV

A

they do not show any signs of illness

71
Q

HCV can lead to more serious complications like

A

liver cirrhosis
hepatocelular carcinoa
death

72
Q

mode of transmission of HBV

A

blood, semen, vaginal secretionns

transfusion, needlesticks, sharing drug needles, sexual intercours

almost all HIV drug users also have HCV

73
Q

lifelong infections

A

herpes simplex virus

74
Q

this type of HSV is mainly transmittied by oral-oral cotact

A

HSV-1

75
Q

what does oral to oral contact of HSV-1 cause

A

oral herpes, can also cause genital herpes

76
Q

are oral and genital infections symptomatic or asymptomatic

A

asymptomatic

77
Q

symptoms of herpes

A

blisters/ ulcers at site of infection

78
Q

when are herpes most contagious

A

when symptoms are present

79
Q
A

Infection Control (1 decks)

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