Module 2 Flashcards
organism that causes diseases that needs to thrive and survive in a host
pathogens
how many types of pathogens are there
4
what are the transmission of microbes in the dental office
pathogenicity of microorganism
ability of the microorganism to survive in the environment
route of transmission
the ability or quality of a pathogen to cause a disease in a host
pathogenicity
this pathogen is an infective agent that consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat
virus
what are the components of a virus?
nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat
what is the protein coat of a virus
capsid
this pathogen is a strict parasite
viruw
virus is a strict parasite. what does this mean
the virus rely completely o the host’s cells to multiply and survive. canot survive without a host
This type of pathogen is antibiotic resistant
virus
this type of pathogen is a microscopic, single-celled organism
baceria
this type of pathogen can live in the soil or inside the body
bacteria
some of this type of pathogen are harmful, while others are helpful
bacteria
a type of pathogen that is found anywhere in the environment
fungi
what are the components of the fungi
nucleus protected by a membrane and a thick cell wall
this type of pathogen is hard to kill, along with virus
fungi
the most common fungi that causes oral disease
candida albicans
what does candida albicans cause
oral candidiasis
this type of pathogen lives in a organism of another species
parasite
this type of pathogen live ad feed at the expense of the host
parasite
unlike virus, this type of pathogen is often killed with antibiotic
parasite
how does a parasite enter another orgaism
mouth and skin
give at least 5 examples of parasites
protozoa, helminths, arthropods, lice, ticks, mites, bed bugs, flukes, tapeworms
what is the only one parasite that can severely affect the human oral cavity
leishmania
what does leishmania cause
granulomatous growth disfigurations involving the mouth and nose
what are the two protozoa commonly mentioned i relation to the oral cavity
entomoeba gingivalis
trichomona tenax
these are harmless commensals associated with poor oral hygiene
entomoeba gingivalis
trichomona tenax
miscarriage; infant may be
symptomless but may develop serious symptoms
later in life like blindness or mental disability;
serious eye or brain damage at birth
toxoplasmosis
bloodborne disease that is a retrovirus
HIVw
what does HIV mean
human Immunodeficiency virus
what does HIV target
CD4/ CD4 T lymphocytes/ helper T cells
what is the final stage of HIV
AIDS
meaning of AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
there is no known cure for HIV, however, there is a treatment that reduces viral overload
ART
what does ART mean
antiretroviral therapy
give at least 5 common oral manifestations of AIDS
xerostomia, candidiasis, HIV-associated periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, epstein0barr virus, kaposi sarcoma
most common mode of transmission of HIV
anal/vagina sex
sharing of needles or syringes
HIV is rarely transmitted through
oral sex, blood transfusions, organ/tissue transplants
can HIV be transferred from mother to her baby
yes
give at least 3 examples where HIV is not transmitted
casual touching
sharing toilets
closed-mouth kissing
saliva
tears
sweat
insects
What kind of precaution should be treated with HIV positive patients
Standard precautions
what must you request for an HIV positive patient before performing oral services
detailed medical history
most recent lab values
what will happen is a patient has a very high viral load
it is contagious so treatment may be delayed
high CD4T cell count and low viral load
effective treatment regimen
normal CD4 cell count
500-1500 cells/ cu mm or 32-68%
which cell count is one indication for the diagnosis of AIDS
below 200 cells/cu mm
how many copies of HIV in the body is normal
20-75 copies of HIV/mm of blood
Occupational source of greatest risk of HIV transmission
percutaneous injuries
prevalent and
infectious causes of liver disease
hepatitis
what kind of precaution must dentists and all staff practice with hepatitis
Standard precautions
types of hepatitis
HAV, HBV, HCV
which of the types of hepatitis is preventable thorugh vaccination
HBV
how many injections in HBV vaccination
2-3 injections over the course of 6 months
which of the types of hepatitis has o vaccine, but has treatment regimens that can cure more than 90% of cases
HCV
type of hepa that is acquired primarily through close personal
contact with an infected person and during
foodborne outbreaks.
HAV
this type of hepatitis does not cause chronic infection
HAV
mode of transmission of HAV
person to person contact
contaminated food or water
blood exposure (VR)
what family is the HBV a member of
hepadnavirus family
what does HBV infect
(main) liver
kidneys and pancreas
small, enveloped DNA virus
HBV
this is a particularly stable virus, making it very resistant to disinfection
HBV
type of hepa that is able to live for a long time outside of the body, therefore making
cross contamination and infection much more likely.
HBV
how long can HBV survive outside of the body and cause infection
at least 7 days
mode of transmission of HBV
perinatally
percutaneously
sexual contact
open cuts and sores
sexual transmision and IV drug use
give at least 3 examples where HBV is not transmitted
breastfeeding
food
water
casual touching
kissing
droplets from coughing or sneezing
this type of hepa often results in chronic liver infection
HCV
family of HCV
flavivridae
small, enveloped RNA
HCV
what does HCV target
human hepatocytes
why are most people not aware of being infected with HCV
they do not show any signs of illness
HCV can lead to more serious complications like
liver cirrhosis
hepatocelular carcinoa
death
mode of transmission of HBV
blood, semen, vaginal secretionns
transfusion, needlesticks, sharing drug needles, sexual intercours
almost all HIV drug users also have HCV
lifelong infections
herpes simplex virus
this type of HSV is mainly transmittied by oral-oral cotact
HSV-1
what does oral to oral contact of HSV-1 cause
oral herpes, can also cause genital herpes
are oral and genital infections symptomatic or asymptomatic
asymptomatic
symptoms of herpes
blisters/ ulcers at site of infection
when are herpes most contagious
when symptoms are present
