Module 2

Question 1

Explain frederick griffith’s experiment

Answer 1

Worked with smooth and rough strep bacteria.
Smooth had a capsule around it which blocked the immune system from killing it, so the outcome was the mice died.
Rough strep lacked a capsule so the immune system was able to fight it off, and the mice was able to live.
But when he mixed smooth and rough, the mice died. This resulted from the smooth strain transforming the rough strain.

Question 2

Alfred hershey and martha chase experiment

Answer 2

Bacteriophage labeled with S35 had no reactivity, bacteriophage with DNA and labeled as P32 was radioactive, which means DNA was the genetic material

Question 3

Nucleotides are attached with which bonds?

Answer 3

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 4

5’ to 3’ is ….. and 3’ to 5’ is …..

Answer 4

Upper strand, lower strand

Question 5

How many hydrogen bonds do G and C form?
What does having greater hydrogen bonds mean?

Answer 5

3 hydrogen bonds
- more hydrogen bonds means you need more energy to break them apart

Question 6

Where does translation take place?

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

The diploid human genome has

Answer 7

6 billion base pairs

Question 8

Palindrome

Answer 8

Inverted sequences that are mirror images of each other

Question 9

Highly condensed chromatin is called…
Loosely packed chromatin is called…

Answer 9

Heterochromatin
Euchromatin

Question 10

What does topoisomerase do and what are the types

Answer 10

It reads genetic info after its coiled
Type 1 forms single stranded breaks in DNA
Type 2 forms double stranded breaks

Question 11

DNA + protein turns into…

Answer 11

Chromatin

Question 12

Nucleosome vs histone vs chromatin

Answer 12

DNA wraps around histone proteins to form bundles called nucleosomes.
Nucleosomes then condense to form chromatin.

Question 13

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 13

Site in the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled