Module 2

Question 1

Atoms are comprised of what?

Answer 1

three different types of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 2

The nucleus of an atom contains the

Answer 2

protons and neutrons

Question 3

All matter is composed of

Answer 3

elements, substances that cannot be broken down or transformed chemically into other substances.

Question 4

An element contains only ________ type of atom

Answer 4

One

Question 5

All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons, giving the element its

Answer 5

atomic number

Question 6

An element’s atomic mass is approximately equal to the sum of its

Answer 6

protons and neutrons

Question 7

Approximately 99% of the human body is made up of the following four elements:

Answer 7

Hydrogen (symbol H), Oxygen (symbol O), Nitrogen (symbol N), and Carbon (symbol C).

Question 8

The “goal” of ionic bonding is to

Answer 8

fill the outermost shell (Valence shell) of each atom. (8)

Question 9

Ions are also known as

Answer 9

Charged atoms

Question 10

In covalent bonds

Answer 10

2 or more atoms share electrons.

Question 11

In covalent bonds, 2 or more atoms share

Answer 11

electrons

Question 12

What are the 3 types of bonds

Answer 12

ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Question 13

four main categories of biological macromolecules:

Answer 13

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 14

When two monosaccharides are linked together, they form what is called a

Answer 14

disaccharide

Which includes Lactose, Maltose, and Sucrose

Question 15

Single units, or monomers, of carbohydrate are referred to as

Answer 15

monosaccharides

These include the sugars glucose and fructose

Question 16

Pairs of one oxygen covalently bound to one hydrogen are what are referred to as

Answer 16

hydroxyl groups

Question 17

Molecules that contain a lot of hydroxyl groups are usually

Answer 17

polar

and given that water is also polar, and polar dissolves polar, that means that monosaccharides will readily dissolve in water. We say that monosaccharides are hydrophilic, or “water loving,” because of their polar nature.

Question 18

When many monomers are linked together they form a

Answer 18

polymer (polysaccharide)

Question 19

Examples of polysaccharides include

Answer 19

starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Question 20

Lipids include many familiar biological macromolecules, such as

Answer 20

fats, oils, steroids, hormones, waxes, and cholesterol, and some less familiar ones, such as phospholipids.

Question 21

The triglyceride is often just referred to as a

Answer 21

“fat.”

It is called a triglyceride because it contains a glycerol molecule along with three fatty acids.

Question 22

These fatty acids are also called

Answer 22

hydrocarbons

due to the fact that they are composed of just carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Question 23

The single units, or monomers, of protein are called

Answer 23

amino acids

Question 24

Amino acids are linked to one another through a process called

Answer 24

dehydration synthesis, also known as a condensation reaction.