MODULE 2

Question 1

It is a series of statements presenting a claim and reasons
that support that claim.

Answer 1

argument

Question 2

statements supporting a claim or assertion

Answer 2

premises

Question 3

the claim being supported by the premises

Answer 3

conclusion

Question 4

argument starts from presenting general premises to specific
conclusion. The conclusion is characterized by certainty.

Answer 4

deductive method

Question 5

argument starts from presenting specific premises to general
conclusion. The conclusion stems from probability

Answer 5

inductive method

Question 6

Refers to errors in reasoning; it can be intended or
unintended.
Stop it!

Answer 6

fallacy

Question 7

these are flaws in the structure
of the argument.

Answer 7

formal fallacies

Question 8

these are flaws in the
substance of the argument.

Answer 8

informal fallacies

Question 9

This fallacy involves two arguers where one of them directs his attention to the other arguer
himself instead of attacking the issue at hand.

Answer 9

AD HOMINEM | APPEAL TO CHARACTER

Question 10

This type of fallacy is committed when you bring irrelevant matters into the argument.

Answer 10

Fallacy of Relevance

Question 11

The fallacy is committed when relevant evidence is substituted by an appeal to fear or
intimidation.

Answer 11

AD BACULUM | APPEAL TO FORCE

Question 12

This fallacy is committed when instead of presenting the necessary evidence to support a
conclusion, the arguer would rather resort to his/her miseries or impoverished situations
thereby evoking pity from the listener in an effort to convince him/her to accept the
conclusion.

Answer 12

AD MISERICORDIAM | APPEAL TO PITY

Question 13

This fallacy occurs when a proposition is characterized by an appeal to popular opinions or
sentiments.

Answer 13

AD POPULUM | APPEAL TO PEOPLE

Question 14

The fallacy occurs when a testimony from an unqualified authority is used to support a
conclusion.

Answer 14

AD VERECUNDIAM | APPEAL TO WRONG AUTHORITY

Question 15

The fallacy occurs in two ways: firstly, the argument that a proposition is true because no
one has proven that it is false and secondly, the argument that a proposition is false
because no one has proven that it is true.

Answer 15

AD IGNORANTIAM | APPEAL TO IGNORANCE

Question 16

The fallacy occurs when the arguer deliberately gives irrelevant arguments to divert the
attention or distract someone of the real issue.

Answer 16

IGNORATIO ELENCHI | RED HERRING