Module 2 Flashcards
Amount of a substance (mole)
A mole is the amount of substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon 12
Avogadro Constant , N^A
The number of particles in one mole of any substance is equal to 6.02×10^23 mol^-1
Molar mass
The mass in g per mole of substance units = gmol^-1
Molar gas volume
The gas volume per mol of a substance. This is 24.0 dm³mol^-1 at room, temperature and pressure.
(RTP)
Empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
Molecular formula
The actual number, and type of atoms of each element in a molecule
Ideal gas equation
pV=nRT
Hydrogen bond
A strong dipole – dipole attraction between molecules containing O-H, F-H or N-H bonds
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element, same number of protons and electrons, with different numbers of neutrons and different masses
Relative isotopic mass
The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon 12
Relative atomic mass
The weight weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12
Atomic orbital
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
Atomic orbital
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
Anhydrous
When all the waters are crystallization, have been removed from a compound
Hydrated
When water of crystallization is present in a crystal compound
Water of crystallization
The water present in a compound, giving the compound a crystalline appearance
Percentage yield
Actual mass of product / theoretical mass of product X 100
Atom economy
Molecular mass of desired product / molecular mass of all products X 100
Acid
Proton (H+) donor
Base
Proton (H+) acceptor
Alkali
A soluble base that dissolves in water to release OH- ions in aqueous solution
Oxidation
The loss of electrons/increase in oxidation number
Reduction
The gain of electrons/decrease in oxidation number
Oxidizing agent
A reagent, which oxidizes other species, and is it self reduced by gaining electrons
Reducing agent
A reagent, which reduces another species and is itself oxidized by losing electrons
Redox
Reaction were both oxidation and reduction takes place
Disproportionation
A reaction in which the same element is both oxidized and reduced
Metallic bond
Strong, electrostatic attraction between positively charged ions, cations, and delocalized electrons
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negatively charged ions
Covalent bond
Electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
Dative (coordinate) covalent bond
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons, and the nuclei of the bonded atoms where only one of the atoms supplies both the electron shared
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons towards itself in a covalent bond
