Module 2

Question 1

Choice theory argument for the defendant

Answer 1

If the defendant can prove that their right of choice was not there at the time of the crime, their punishment is not as harsh

Question 2

Classical criminology and punishment

Answer 2

If the punishment is hard enough, people would be two scared to commit the crime in the first place

Question 3

Cessare Beceria’s book was called…

Answer 3

Essays on crime and punishments

Question 4

Becceria’s 3 truths of law

Answer 4

The decision to commit a crime is a result of rational choice; fear of punishment can have an effect on the choice to commit a crime; the more swift a punishment is, the more effective it will be in controlling crime

Question 5

Thrill offenders def.

Answer 5

People who only commit crimes just to get the rush after successfully committing it

Question 6

MAOA Gene and crime

Answer 6

A lack of MAOA gene exhibits increased risk of crime but only if the person was abused as a child

Question 7

What is CDH13?

Answer 7

A mutated version of MAOA that is very common in violent criminals

Question 8

Testosterone and crime

Answer 8

Increased testosterone has been linked to higher levels of aggression

Question 9

What is id according to Freud

Answer 9

I’d takes over when all other systems fail, can cause irrational behavior and may cause people to commit crimes

Question 10

Superego def. (Freud)

Answer 10

The conscience that learns the expectations of friends and family

Question 11

Ego def. (Freud)

Answer 11

Common sense

Question 12

Trait theory

Answer 12

Antisocial and violent behavior should be treated before it gets worse

Question 13

Two cities with abnormally high crime rates

Answer 13

Baltimore and Chicago

Question 14

Disorganization def.

Answer 14

A breakdown of traditional institutions of social control

Question 15

Factors that may lead to crimes in certain neighborhoods

Answer 15

Lots of highschool dropouts; chronic unemployment; lots of single parent families; deteriorating infrastructures

Question 16

Stages of crime in neighborhoods

Answer 16

Poverty; social disorganization; breakdown of social controls; criminal areas; cultural transmission; criminal careers

Question 17

General strain theory

Answer 17

Out of all strained individuals, very few of them turn to crime to alleviate their stress

Question 18

Negative emotionality traits

Answer 18

Easily frustrated; quick to lose their temper; disposed to blame others for their own problems

Question 19

Social structure theory

Answer 19

If crime is inspired by someone’s surroundings, if there is a positive change to those surroundings, that could prevent crime

Question 20

Social conflict theory core belief

Answer 20

Capitalism is responsible for high levels of violence and crime because of income disparities

Question 21

Interdependence of decisions experiment description

Answer 21

2imbardo leaves an intact car on the Stanford parking lot, nothing happens to the car. But when he leaves it a second time with a window smashed open and within minutes someone else comes to cause more damage to the car

Question 22

The three branches of social process theory

Answer 22

Learning theory; control theory; labeling theory

Question 23

Self control theory

Answer 23

Criminal behavior is linked to no self control

Question 24

Continuity theory

Answer 24

Once a behavior has been established it can’t be changed

Question 25

Learning theory

Answer 25

Criminal is taught practical methods of crime and the psychological effects of committing the crime

Question 26

Theory of differential association

Answer 26

A person is more likely to mimic the behaviors they are exposed to more often

Question 27

Control theory focuses on…

Answer 27

Why people don’t commit criminal acts, rather than why they do

Question 28

Control theory def.

Answer 28

Social bonds promote conformity tosocial norms

Question 29

Labeling theory focuses on…

Answer 29

Perceptions of criminal behavior rather than the behavior itself

Question 30

Labeling theory def.

Answer 30

Labels like “whore” or “junkie” become a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 31

A person with no self control is…

Answer 31

Impulsive; thrill-seeking; likely to solve problems with violence

Question 32

What is the most popular form of illegal drug use?

Answer 32

Marijuana

Question 33

What are the three factors in the learning process of drug use

Answer 33

Learn the techniques of drug use; learn to perceive the pleasurable effects of drug use; learn to enjoy the social experience of drug use