Module 2 Flashcards
What is a fuel?
A fuel is a substance which burns to produce energy
What is another word for burning
Combustion
When a substance burns what does it react with?
Oxygen
What is the test for oxygen?
It relights a glowing splint
When carbon and oxygen react, what do they produce?
Carbon Dioxide
What is the test for carbon dioxide?
It turns limewater milky
When is carbon monoxide produced?
Carbon monoxide is produced when carbon burns in an insufficient supply of oxygen, otherwise know as incomplete combustion
What is carbon monoxide?
A toxic gas
When hydrogen reacts with oxygen what is its only product?
Water (H2O)
What is the test for hydrogen?
It burns with a squeaky pop
Why is hydrogen being hailed as the fuel of the future?
It’s only byproduct is water
Coal, oil and gas are all what?
Fossil fuels
How was coal formed?
Coal was formed millions of years ago by the remains of dead plant life, this was caused by a high temperature and very high pressure
How was oil and gas formed?
Oil and gas were formed from the remains of dead sea life, over millions of years sediment built up under high temperature and high pressure
Oil and gas burn to produce what?
Carbon dioxide and water
What do crude oil and natural gas mainly consist of?
Hydrocarbons
What elements do hydrocarbons contain?
Hydrocarbons contain only the elements hydrogen and carbon
Crude oil is a mixture of what?
Hydrocarbons
What is fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is the process used to seperate substances with different boiling points
What does fractional distillation separate crude oil into?
Fractions
What is a fraction?
A group of hydrocarbons with boiling points within a specific range
What do fractions have?
Names and specific uses
As well as boiling points what do fractions differ with each other?
Viscosity and flammability
The properties of fractions relate to what?
The properties of fractions are related to the size of the molecules in the fraction
What are two pollution problems associated with burning fossil fuels?
Global warming and acid rain
What does the carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels contribute to?
Global warming
What causes acid rain?
Acid rain is causes when gasses such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolve in water in the atmosphere
What does acid rain affect?
Acid rain kills fish in rivers, erodes buildings and destroys plant life
When is sulfur dioxide produced?
Sulfur dioxide is produced when some fossil fuels are burned
When is nitrogen dioxide made?
Nitrogen dioxide is made by sparking of air in a petrol car engine
What are some ways that pollution from burning fossil fuels can be reduced?
Lean burn engines, install a catalytic converter and use low sulfur petrol
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water, using light energy in the presence of chlorophyll
Why are carbohydrates important for animals?
They provide energy
What do carbohydrates release?
Energy, producing carbon dioxide and water when burned
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + Water ➡️ Glucose + Oxygen
What is the word equation for respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen ➡️ Water + Carbon Dioxide
What is the word equation for burning carbohydrates?
Glucose + Oxygen ➡️ Water and Carbon Dioxide
What elements are present in carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Alcoholic drinks can be made from any fruit or vegetable which is a source of?
Sugar or starch
What is the catalyst for the production of alcoholic drinks?
And enzyme in yeast which is the catalyst for this reaction
How do alcoholic drink vary?
They vary based in the plant source of the carbohydrate
What is the work equation for the production of alcohol from carbohydrates?
Yeast/ warm or no air
Glucose ➡️ Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
What is distillation used for?
Distillation is used to increase the alcohol concentration of the products of fermentation
