Module 2 Flashcards
The unit most commonly used to measure the size of microorganisms is a
Micrometer
List the 4 microbes
Protozoa
Fungi
Bacteria
Viruses
The 3 general shapes of bacteria are
Cocci, spiral and rods
Bacteria that are described as Gram positive
Appear bluish-black after being stained with the Gram Stain
Bacteria that are able to survive in dry conditions
Have endospores
The process by which most bacteria reproduce is called
Binary fission
Rapidly growing bacteria have a generation time of approximately
15 to 30 minutes
The phases of the growth curve listed in order are
Lag
Log
Stationary
Death
The growth phase where all bacteria are multiplying at maximum rate is
Log
The growth phase where spores are not likely to be found is
Log
True or False
Viruses contains both DNA and RNA
False
Most microorganisms are harmful and cause diseases
False
True or False
The Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast method of staining can be used to detect Tuberculosis causing organisms
True
True or False
The generation time is the same for all bacteria; about 15 to 30 minutes
False
Endospores are more resistant to destruction than vegetative bacteria
True
True or False
One micrometer equals 1/1000 of a centimetre
False
It equals to 1/1000 of a millimeter not a centimetre
True or False
Endospores are quite resistant to heat
True
Bacteria that form _________ may remain dormant for days, months and even years without nutrients or moisture
Spores; endospores
The process of bacterial reproduction is called
Binary fission
What requires a living host to replicate
Virus
Bacteria that appear dark bluish-black when stained are called
Gram positive
Microorganisms Are too small to be seen without the aid of what?
a microscope; even then they require staining to be noticed
True or False
Microorganisms Are relatively simple in structure and come in different shapes and sizes
True
What are microorganisms also called?
Microbes
What do microorganisms require in order live?
Require food to live, reproduce and die.
What percentage do known microorganisms make us sick?
1%
True or False
Microorganisms Are nearly everywhere in the environment and on our body
True
What kind of creatures are Protozoa ?
Unicellular
How do Protozoa move about?
using a whipping action created by a hair-like appendage called a flagellum
What’s another way Protozoa move about?
or with temporary protoplasmic limb-like extensions called amoeboid motion.
True or false
A characteristic of Protozoa is that each cell has a nucleus and is enclosed by a plasma membrane.
True
Where do protozoa live?
In water and soil
What do Protozoa feed on?
feed on bacteria and small particles
How can Protozoal infections be treated?
with antiprotozoal drugs.
Some protozoa live in our bodies without causing any harm, but how many varieties are pathogenic to humans?
Approximately 30
What kind of inflammation do Giardia infections such as beaver fever cause?
inflammation of the intestinal tract and diarrhea.
Where is The source of the Giardia infection is usually found?
in improperly treated water supplies
What happens Once an animal or person has been infected with this protozoan?
the parasite lives in the intestine, and is passed in the stool.
Because the Giardia parasite is protected by an outer shell, how long can it survive outside the body and in the environment?
For long periods of time
What is a more serious infectious illness caused by protozoa?
Malaria
How is Malaria transmitted?
The disease-causing organism is transmitted from human to human via the bite of an infected mosquito
Fungi have the a characteristics that May be thought of as non-photosynthetic plants or plants that do not require or use what?
Do not require or use light energy
Fungi Cells have a nucleus that is
Enclosed by a rigid cell wall
There are roughly 100 fungi that are common in humans, how many are pathogenic?
10
How can fungi Infections be treated?
with antifungal drugs
Fungi are a very diverse group of microorganisms, they are divided into 2 groups - name them
Yeasts & Mold
How does yeast reproduce?
By budding
What kind of structure does yeast have?
Yeasts are unicellular oval structures
Many types of yeast are used in the food and beverage industry for making what?
Breads and wines
What disease is the One of the most common yeasts capable of causing?
Candida
Candida is a microscopic fungal organism can cause infections such as
oral thrush, diaper rash, vaginitis, skin infections, pneumonia and even death.
How does budding occur In yeast?
A portion of the nucleus and cell contents separate into a new daughter cell.
What kind of structure does mold have?
Molds are multicellular structures that form visible clumps of growth
How does mold reproduce?
They reproduce using spores, fruiting bodies or binary fission.
What are some typical examples of mold?
Bread and cheese
The mold starts out with long tubular structures that eventually produce spores responsible for what?
colours that are often present on the surface, usually blue-green or black.
Human infections caused by the mold-type of fungi usually involve area?
The skin
A general name applied to these skin (mold) infections is called what?
Tinea which means worm
What are some of The common names for these skin (mold) conditions
athlete’s foot, barber’s itch, jock itch and ringworm
What surfaces are These fungi are notorious for surviving on?
Shower room floors
How does binary fission occur
A cell duplicates its components and divides into two cells.
What kind of characteristic does bacteria have?
Are tiny unicellular microorganisms typically surrounded by a rigid cell wall
True or false
Bacteria Do not have an organized nucleus like fungi or protozoa because they lack a nuclear membrane
True
Where is bacteria found?
just about everywhere there is moisture and nutrients
Bacteria Grow in or on humans and are an essential part of what?
our body’s normal flora
What does flora mean?
flora are the good guys, they compete with disease-producing microbes and provide a natural immunity against certain infections
How does bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission
How is bacteria treated?
Antibiotics
True or false
Antiviral medication is effective against bacteria
False- it is NOT
What is a massive respiratory infection that bacteria has caused since ancient times and that is still around today?
Tuberculosis or TB
True or false
Viruses are bigger than bacteria
False!
They Are even smaller than bacteria and have a very simple structure
Are viruses able to grow and reproduce on their own?
No
Why can’t viruses grow and reproduce on their own?
Because they must rely on a living host to replicate their viral parts
What kind of host cells do viruses use?
Animal, plant and bacterial cells
Viruses have no means of movement, so who do they depend on?
they depend on air, water, insects, humans or animals to be carried from one host to another
How long can Some viruses survive for when in organic material such as scabs, blood, and body wastes
For many hours or days
How do you treat viruses?
With antiviral drugs
Can antibiotics be effectively used to treat viruses?
No
How are Most microorganisms are measured
in metric units called micrometres μm
True or false
One micrometre equals 1/1000 of a millimetre.
True
What is the measurement of Protozoa?
Usually 15 - 20 μm
What is the measurement of fungi?
5 - 10 μm
What is the measurement for bacteria?
0.3 - 5 μm
What is the measurement for viruses?
0.02 - 0.2 μm
What color is bacteria?
They are clear and colourless
How can you see Bacteria through a microscope?
Through staining
What can see you when bacteria is stained?
Their shape
