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TOX 300 FINAL > MODULE 2 > Flashcards

MODULE 2 Flashcards

1
Q

idiosyncratic

A

genetically based abnormal reactivity to a xenobiotic with no known cause

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2
Q

noncovalent binding

A

most common reaction, reversible

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3
Q

receptors

A

cellular proteins that normally serve as receptors for endogenous ligands

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4
Q

stereoisomers

A

have the same molecular formula but can have different effects

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5
Q

agonist

A

xenobiotics that bind to receptor and mimic the effect of the endogenous ligand

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6
Q

antagonist

A

xenobiotics that bind to receptor and produce no effect

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7
Q

partial agonist

A

xenobiotics that bind to receptor and produce a lesser effect than the endogenous ligand

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8
Q

60% of all pharmaceuticals

A

G protein-coupled receptors

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9
Q

endocrine disrupting chemicals

A

Nuclear hormone receptors

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10
Q

orphan receptors

A

orphan receptors are receptors with no known endogenous ligand

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11
Q

thiol groups are repaired by

A

thioredoxin and glutaredoxin

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12
Q

three enzymes involved in DNA repair

A

endonuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase

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13
Q

fibrosis

A

results in excessive deposition (overproduction) of extracellular matrix proteins

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14
Q

most toxic ROS produced

A

.OH

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15
Q

ROS can damage cell membrane by a process called

A

lipid peroxidation

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16
Q

Xenobiotic induced proteotoxicity that causes improperly folded proteins can be repaired by

A

heat shock proteins

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17
Q

The two-electron reduction reaction that detoxifies quinones is catalyzed by

A

NQO

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18
Q

motor vehicles produce

A

ozone

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19
Q

cocaine

A

inhibits NE reuptake

20
Q

cyanide

A

inhibits cytochrome c oxidase

21
Q

botulinum

A

blocks Ach release

22
Q

fluoreoacetate

A

inhibits aconitase

23
Q

a-bungarotoxin

A

binds nicotinic receptors

24
Q

y-hydroxybutyrate/benzodiazepines

A

activates GABA

25
Q

dinitrophenol

A

donates protons to inner mitochondrial matrix

26
Q

Atropine

A

muscarinic receptor antagonist

27
Q

black widow spider venom

A

empties presynaptic vesicles

28
Q

warfarin

A

inhibits activation of vitamin k channels

29
Q

pentachlorophenol

A

causes protons to leak back into inner mitochondrial matrix

30
Q

rotenone

A

inhibits NADH-coenzyme q reductase

31
Q

tetrodotoxin

A

blocks Na+ channels

32
Q

chlordecone

A

inhibits ATP synthase

33
Q

CO

A

displaces O2 on hemoglobin

34
Q

paraquat

A

involved in redox cycling

35
Q

ethylene glycol

A

forms oxalate crystals

36
Q

OP

A

inhibits AchE

37
Q

DDT

A

overstimulates Na+ channels

38
Q

colchicine

A

destroys microtubules involved in mitosis

39
Q

PCB

A

AhR agonist

40
Q

thalidomide

A

poly g promotors decrease growth factors

41
Q

fluoxetine

A

inhibit Serotonin reuptake

42
Q

modifying factors of toxicity

A

Age: older mammals have reduced clearance of xenobiotics increasing their toxic effects
Nutritional status: a high fat diet exposes individuals to a greater amount of legacy contaminants
Disease: a persons with a a diseases affecting the liver will have reduced clearance, increasing the toxic effect of a xenobiotic
Physical factors: mobile phone radiation may have cancer-causing effects
Social factors: crowded and isolation conditions are known to increase toxic effects
Sex: males and females have different enzymes involved in biotransformation which can lead to having a more toxic response

43
Q

OP poisoning

A

Atropine: muscarinic receptor antagonist blocks parasympathetic effects that dominate OP poisoning
Pralidoxime: used to reactivate AChE
Benzodiazepine: anxiolytic drug used to relieve CNS anxiety and seizures

44
Q

SLUDS

A

salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, sweating

45
Q

OP

A

OPs inhibit SChE causing massive overstimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
Parasympathetic system dominates during OP poisoning

46
Q

Apoptosis

A

Cell suicide
Active
Single cells
Cell shrinkage
Hours
Normal ATP
No inflammation
Internucleosomal DNA cleavage

47
Q

necrosis

A

Cell murder
Passive
Cluster of cells
Cell swelling and rupture
Hours to days
Decreased ATP
Inflammation

TOX 300 FINAL (4 decks)

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