Module 2 Flashcards
Nutrition is directly related to genetic propensity
True
Nutrition is one of the most easily manipulated environmental effects
True
Nutrition is usually the largest cost of animal ownership
True
what are the 6 classes of nutrience?
water, carbs, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins
Animals needs 3-4 times as much water as solids
True
What to carbohydrates do?
Supply energy
What are soluble carbohydrates?
Simple molecules with alpha linkage
what are insoluble carbohydrates? ,
Complex molecules with beta linkage
What does fat do?
Supply energy
why do we need minerals?
To provide structure and balance in our bodies
What are macro and micro minerals?
Macrominerals are needed in large amounts, Microminerals are needed in very small amounts
How to we use vitamins?
As catalysts and regulators
What are the 5 classes of feed?
Concentrate, Roughage/forage, protein supplement, non-nutritional additives, Vitamins and minerals
what are concentrate feeds?
High in carbs and low in fiber. (corn, wheat, oats)
What are roughage/forage feeds?
lots of variation, high fiber, low carbs. (Hay, grass, straw)
What are protein supplement feeds?
food contains more than 20% crude protein. (bone meal, fish meal, soybean meal)
What are non-nutritive additive feeds?
additives that contribute to growth and feed efficiency (antibiotics)
What affects digestibility?
Balance of ration, combo of ingredients, rate of passage, feed intake, feed processing and prep
Absorption definition
Crossing the intestinal epithelium & entering the blood.
what are the steps of Feed utilization
Prehension(gathering), Mastication(chewing), Deglutition(swallowing), Digestion, absorption, circulation(transport of nutrients), metabolism (cells using nutrients), excretion
what does Monogastric mean?
What does ruminant Mean?
What is the Rumen?
Largest compartment in ruminant stomach that breaks down cellulose with symbiotic microorganisms
What are volatile fatty acids?
Main product of Carb fermentation in rumen
what does the omasum do
Move particles from reticulum to abomasum
what is the Abomasum
True stomach
what happens in the Reticulum
Fermentation of feed, Trapping of indigestible foreign materials
what does the Reticular groove do
Allows bypass of milk in young animals
Rumination takes around 8 hours
True
what are the steps of rumination
Regurgitation, mastication, salivation, deglutition
what is Eructation
Remove gaseous products of microbial
fermentation from rumen
What is bloat
trapped excess gas in rumen
Animal welfare is less extreme than animal rights
True
Most people want to know where their food comes from
True
what are the two types of diseases
Infectious and non-infectious
what is zoonosis?
Movement of pathogens from animals to humans
What is the difference between morbidity and morality
Morbidity is the sickness rate and mortality is the death rate
Antibody Definition
any protein in the blood generated in reaction to foreign antigens
Antigen Definition
a substance that when introduced
into the body stimulates production of an
antibody
what is an antibiotic
any substance that inhibits
growth or destroys micro-organisms
What is active immunity
when an animal develops an antibody in response to an antigen(strong)
what is passive immunity
when an animal ingests the antibodies(weak)
Bacterins kill bacterial cultures
True
What are vaccines?
Products containing a live antigen with the intent of being used to stimulate the production of antibodies against particular antigens before host can get the sickness organically.
intramuscular definition
in the muscle
How can you ensure quality when vaccinating?
Restrain, use best method, use best injection site, use proper technique, remove air from syringe, keep sanitary, Take care of products
lowest to highest body temps
cow, cat, dog, pig, sheep, turkey, chicken
What is behavior
Reaction or no reaction to stimuli
we can select for any trait in any species
False
Novelty is a stresor
True
what is an inborn reaction
instinctive behavior
Domestic species tend to be gregarious
True
Sexual behavior is learned
True
Some of the most dangerous animals are solitary prey animals
True
What is a flight zone
the distance at which an animal will no longer tolerate your approach and flee
What is the point of balance
The spot on an animal where their view of their flight zone ends
Gizzard is similar to the stomach in chickens
True
What does a crop in avians do?
Starts fermentation process of feed
Pig and avian small intestines work similarly
True
What is a cecum
How many compartments does a cow have in its digestive system
4
How many stomachs does a cow have?
1
Why does cattle need more saliva
They can regurgitate on command
Which has a smaller cecum? Mono gastric or ruminant
Ruminant
What does bolus mean with cattle
A ball shape that is easy for cattle to chew and digest
Ruminant salivary glands have lipase but not amylase
True
What is Acidosis
Upset stomach, changes Ph
Bloat shows first on
Left side
Reticulum is also called
Honeycomb
