Module 2

Question 1

what are the advantages of having a federal government

Answer 1

central government can devote more time and energy to national and international problems, more opportunities for participation in decision-making, and local govt must be responsive to the people who elect them

Question 2

what are the disadvantages of having a federal government?

Answer 2

competition among regions for resources, citizens living in different parts will be treated differently, disputes over power/national supremacy versus state’s rights

Question 3

what does territorial autonomy mean in international law?

Answer 3

parts of the state’s territory is authorized to govern themselves in certain matters

Question 4

what are the advantages of autonomy?

Answer 4

avoids the proliferation of new states, flexible and can be tailored to each situation

Question 5

what are the disadvantages of autonomy?

Answer 5

locks and preserves historical differences between groups, may result in protests by other groups and lead to more conflict

Question 6

what is democracy?

Answer 6

free and fair elections, the citizens have a voice through protest, elections, rights, and basic equal liberties

Question 7

what is characteristics make up procedural democracy?

Answer 7

it is defined by how you chose the leader and not what they do after the election, regular and fair elections which citizens participate in, and freedom of the press and freedom of association only during the election,

Question 8

what are characteristics that make up substantive democracy?

Answer 8

it is defined more by policies and not just elections, argues that there are certain ends that government should provide irrespective of the process for creating government

Question 9

What are positive and negative rights?

Answer 9

the fire generation of rights are negative, it limits what government can do/can’t do to you, positive rights are obligations of the state/govt to citizens

Question 10

what is authoritarian?

Answer 10

a regime type characterized by highly concentrated and centralized power maintained by repression and the exclusion of potential challengers

Question 11

what is totalitarian?

Answer 11

a regime type in which the state recognizes no alternative to the state and regulated every aspect of public and private life, stays in power by using the state-controlled mass media, a single party that is often marked by a personality cult, control over the economy and widespread use of terror

Question 12

what are the 3 stages toward democratization?

Answer 12

regime breakdown, democratic transition, democratic consolidation

Question 13

what is the regime breakdown stage?

Answer 13

the end of the previous regime either through revolution, negotiation, or fatigue

Question 14

what is the democratic transition stage?

Answer 14

refers to a political process of movement aimed at establishing a democratic political system

Question 15

what is the democratic consolidation stage?

Answer 15

involves making institutions long-lasting, when the party/group that takes power in the initial elections at the time of transition loses a subsequent election and turns over power to those election winners, and if those election winners then peacefully turn over power to the winners of a later election

Question 16

what is political culture?

Answer 16

the shared political views and beliefs among a group of people, functions as a frame which constrains legitimate political action and discourse, rests on common perception of rights and obligations for citizenship and the rules for participating in political process

Question 17

what is political socialization?

Answer 17

the process whereby individuals acquire their political values and beliefs

Question 18

what are the agents of political socialization?

Answer 18

family, schools, peer groups and friends, mass and social media, religion and political events

Question 19

what is a cleavage?

Answer 19

divisions/differences within a society, can exist over economics, language, religion, and geography

Question 20

what is a cross cutting cleavage?

Answer 20

an issue that cuts across the group and diffuses the cleavage

Question 21

what is the classic work on poltical culture called?

Answer 21

the civic culture

Question 22

what are the three reasons political culture has been criticized?

Answer 22

1. the concept of political culture and civic culture are biased towards the west
2. there is no common definition for the variables
3. political culture does not exist in a vacuum and a snapshot of time may not help us to understand culture