Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

covalent bonds

A

allows molecules to share electrons with other molecules creating longer chains of compounds and allowing more complexity in life

refer to picture 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

atoms

A

a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element. An atom consists of a central nucleus that is surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is positively charged and contains one or more relatively heavy particles known as protons and neutrons.

refer to pic 2 & 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how are atoms in a molecule held together

A

by covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

molecules

A

molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

covalent can be non polar or polar

A

non polar: e- shared evenly between atoms

polar: e- not shared evenly

refer to pic 4 & 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what type of bonds are hydrophilic/lipophilic

A

non polar bonds

hydrophobic: hate water
lipophilic: love fats

^^^ both of these interact better w fats than water

ex) triglycerides & steroids

triglycerides: fat/lipid in blood, used for energy, comes from foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hydrophilic/lipophobic

A

hydrophilic: like water
lipophobic: hate fats

polar bonds

form hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

dipole-dipole attraction between molecules

results from the attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom such as a N, O, or F atom

pic 9 & 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ions

A

charged atoms/molecules

ex) Na+, K+, Ca +2, Cl-

pic 11

Chlorine gains an electron, leaving it with 17 protons and 18 electrons. Since it has 1 more electron than protons, chlorine has a charge of −1, making it a negative ion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ph

A

measure of H+ ions in a solution
pic 12

ph level (acidic to basic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 biomolecules

A

1) carbs/sugar
2) lipid
3) proteins
4) nucleic acids

(4 Biomolecules)

biomolecules: chemical compound found in living organisms - building blocks of life and perform important functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is learning chemistry necessary for physiology

A

everything in body is molecules interacting with one another

ex) skeletal muscle cell

1) within the skeletal muscle cell, there is a nucleus (controls the activities of the cell).
within the nucleus, there is DNA (type of nucleic acid)
DNA: provides instructions for making proteins. DNA is made of 2 strange held together by hydrogen bonds

2) important protein in muscles are myosin - use energy to change change.
when all myosin change together, it causes muscle cell to get shorter - (muscle contractions). energy for myosin movement comes from breaking down glucose (sugar) - when glucose breaks

muscle contractions: tightening, shortening muscle during some kind of activity, typically happens when you hold or pick up something.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is learning chemistry necessary for physiology

A

everything in body is molecules interacting with one another

ex) skeletal muscle cell

1) within the skeletal muscle cell, there is a nucleus (controls the activities of the cell).
within the nucleus, there is DNA (type of nucleic acid)
DNA: provides instructions for making proteins. DNA is made of 2 strange held together by hydrogen bonds

2) important protein in muscles are myosin - use energy to change change.
when all myosin change together, it causes muscle cell to get shorter - (muscle contractions). energy for myosin movement comes from breaking down glucose (sugar) - when glucose breaks

muscle contractions: tightening, shortening muscle during some kind of activity, typically happens when you hold or pick up something.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is learning chemistry necessary for physiology

A

everything in body is molecules interacting with one another

ex) skeletal muscle cell

1) within the skeletal muscle cell, there is a nucleus (controls the activities of the cell).
within the nucleus, there is DNA (type of nucleic acid)
DNA: provides instructions for making proteins. DNA is made of 2 strange held together by hydrogen bonds

2) important protein in muscles are myosin - use energy to change change.
when all myosin change together, it causes muscle cell to get shorter - (muscle contractions). energy for myosin movement comes from breaking down glucose (sugar) - when glucose breaks

muscle contractions: tightening, shortening muscle during some kind of activity, typically happens when you hold or pick up something.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly