module 2

Question 1

action potential

Answer 1

depolarization in a neuron that sends an electrical impulse across the cell body

Question 2

agonist

Answer 2

a substance that enhances or increases the effect of a neurotransmitter

Question 3

allele

Answer 3

one of two or more variants or versions of a gene

Question 4

amygdala

Answer 4

the almond-shaped structure in the temporal lobe of the brain that involved in processing emotions

Question 5

antagonist

Answer 5

substance that inhibits or decreases the effect of a neurotransmitter

Question 6

archetypes

Answer 6

according to Jung, a universally inherited unconscious symbol, concept, or image

Question 7

axon

Answer 7

transmitting branch of a neuron

Question 8

biomarker

Answer 8

biological indicator of disease

Question 9

catharsis

Answer 9

according to breuer & freud, the therapeutic process of releasing or venting repressed feelings

Question 10

classical conditioning

Answer 10

process of associative learning involving the targeted pairing of stimulus & response

Question 11

cognitive triad

Answer 11

according to beck, a person has three perspectives (view of self, the world, and future). negativistic perspectives increase the vulnerability to depression

Question 12

collective unconscious

Answer 12

according to jung, ancestral unconscious memories universally shared by all humans

Question 13

concordance rate

Answer 13

index of probability that two persons w/ shared genes will develop or exhibit the same condition, disease, or behavior

Question 14

conditioned response

Answer 14

in classical conditioning, a reflexive response elicited by pairing repeatedly w/a neutral or conditioned stimulus

Question 15

conditioned stimulus

Answer 15

in classical conditioning, neutral stimulus that that’s paired repeatedly to elicit a conditioned response

Question 16

congruence/incongruence

Answer 16

according to carl rogers, genuineness or authenticity between a person’s inner & outer experiences. lack of genuineness is considered incongruence

Question 17

cortisol

Answer 17

steroid hormone produced by adrenal glands for regulating metabolism, immune system, and stress response. often called the stress hormone

Question 18

defense mechanisms

Answer 18

according to freud, an unconscious mental process for negating or diverting undesirable impulses or feelings

Question 19

dendrite

Answer 19

the receiving branch of a neuron

Question 20

desensitization

Answer 20

extinguishing fear or anxiety through a gradual process of countering the fear response with a more adaptive response

Question 21

diathesis

Answer 21

inherited vulnerabilities or sensitivities

Question 22

dreamwork

Answer 22

according to freud & psychodynamic theorists, the process of interpreting and understanding the unconscious meaning of the content of dreams

Question 23

ego

Answer 23

according to freud, the unconscious force that mediates between the id’s unconscious primitive impulses and the superego’s attempts to prohibit them

Question 24

epigenetics

Answer 24

study of the interaction between genetics and environment

Question 25

excitotoxicity

Answer 25

the process whereby the excess of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate causes neuron damage or death

Question 26

fixation

Answer 26

according to freud, an unresolved issue that arose from a conflict during a psychosexual stage

Question 27

free association

Answer 27

according to freud, the process of expressing unedited unconscious content in order to access unconscious content

Question 28

genome-wide association studies (GWAS)

Answer 28

the scientific method of scanning a genome to identify markers or variation that may contribute to a disease, trait, or behavior

Question 29

heritability index