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211 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

is essentially a heat engine using air as a working fluid to provide thrust.

A

Gas turbine engine

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2
Q

To achieve this, the air passing through the engine has to be accelerated; this means that the (?) of the’ air is increased.

A

velocity or kinetic energy

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3
Q

To obtain this increase, the (?) energy is first of all increased, followed by the addition of (?) energy, before final conversion back to (?) energy in the form of a high velocity jet efflux.

A
  1. pressure
  2. heat
  3. kinetic
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4
Q

gases flowing through the exhaust nozzle. Also known as jet blast and Jet engine exhaust.

A

JET EFFLUX

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5
Q

For gas turbine engine, combustion occurs at a constant (?).

A

pressure

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6
Q

In a piston engine combustion occurs at constant (?).

A

volume

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7
Q

Both engines have induction, compression, combustion and exhaust. These processes occurs (?) on gas turbine engines.

A

continuously

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8
Q

Both engines have induction, compression, combustion and exhaust. For piston engines they occur (?).

A

intermittently (at intervals)

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9
Q

In piston engines, (?) is utilized for the production of power, the other strokes involve charging, compressing and exhausting of the working fluid.

A

only one stroke

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10
Q

The turbine engine eliminates the (?), thus enabling more fuel to be burnt in a shorter time; hence it produces a greater power output for a given size of engine.

A

three “idle” strokes

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11
Q

The turbine engine eliminates the three “idle” strokes, thus enabling more fuel to be burnt in a shorter time; hence it produces a greater (?) for a given size of engine.

A

power output

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12
Q

Due to the continuous action of the turbine engine and the combustion chamber is not an enclosed space, the pressure of the air does not (?). But on piston engines, volume (?).

A
  1. rise
  2. increases (heating at a constant pressure)
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13
Q

GTE
Under these conditions, there is (?) to be withstood.

A

no peak or fluctuating pressures

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14
Q

With the piston engine, the peak pressure is of (?).

A

1,000 lb/in2

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15
Q

Piston engine necessary to employ cylinders of (?) construction and to use (?) octane fuels.

A
  1. heavy
  2. high
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16
Q

Gas turbine engines use (?) octane fuels and (?) fabricated combustion chambers.

A
  1. low
  2. light
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17
Q

Because the turbo-jet engine is a heat engine, the (?) the temperature of combustion the (?) is the expansion of the gases.

A
  1. higher
  2. greater
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18
Q

The (?) must not exceed a value that gives a turbine gas entry temperature suitable for the design and materials of the turbine assembly.

A

combustion temperature

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19
Q

The use of (?) in the turbine assembly permits a higher gas temperature and a consequently higher thermal efficiency.

A

air-cooled blades

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20
Q

During the working cycle of the turbine engine, the (?) receives and gives up (?), so changes in its pressure, volume and temperature occur.

A
  1. airflow (working fluid)
  2. heat
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21
Q

These changes as they occur are closely related, for they follow a common principle that is embodied in a combination of the (?).

A

Laws of Boyle and Charles

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22
Q

This means that the product of the pressure and the volume of the air at the various stages in the working cycle is proportional to the absolute (?) at those stages.

A

temperature of the air

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23
Q

Whether energy is added by combustion or by compression, or is extracted by the turbine, the (?) is directly proportional to the work added or taken from the gas.

A

heat change

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24
Q

Law that pressure of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature.

A

BOYLE’S LAW

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25
Q

Law that the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure Is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. (Zero Kelvin corresponds to - 273.15 degrees Celsius).

A

CHARLES’ LAW

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26
Q

The gas turbine engine is essentially a heat engine using air as a working fluid to provide thrust. To achieve this, the air passing through the engine has to be (1); this means that the velocity or kinetic energy of the air is increased. To obtain this increase, the (2)is first of all increased, followed by the addition of (3), before final conversion
back to kinetic Energy in the form of a high velocity (4).

A
  1. ACCELERATED
  2. PRESSURE ENERGY
  3. HEAT ENERGY
  4. JET EFFLUX
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27
Q

Combustion occurs at a
constant pressure

A

GAS TURBINE ENGINE

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28
Q

Combustion is continuous

A

GAS TURBINE ENGINE

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29
Q

Combustion occurs at a
constant volume.

A

RECIPROCATING ENGINE

30
Q

Combustion is
intermittent

A

RECIPROCATING ENGINE

31
Q

eliminates the three ‘idle’
strokes, thus enabling
more fuel to be burnt in a
shorter time; hence it
produces a greater power
output for a given size of
engine

A

GAS TURBINE ENGINE

32
Q

only one stroke is utilized in the production of power, the others being involved in the charging, compressing
and exhausting of the working fluid.

A

RECIPROCATING ENGINE

33
Q

Due to the continuous action of the turbine engine and the fact that the combustion chamber is not an enclosed space, the pressure of the air does not rise, like that of the piston engine, during combustion but its volume does increase. This process is known as heating at constant pressure (?).

A

Charles Law

34
Q

Because the turbo-jet engine is a heat engine, the higher the
temperature of combustion the greater is the (?) of the gases.

A

expansion

35
Q

The use of (?) in the turbine assembly permits a higher
gas temperature and a consequently higher thermal efficiency.

A

air-cooled blades

36
Q

During the working cycle of the turbine engine, the airflow or ‘working fluid’ receives and gives up heat, so
producing changes in its (1).
These changes as they occur are closely related, for they follow a common principle that is embodied in a combination of the (2).

A
  1. pressure, volume and temperature
  2. laws of Boyle and Charles
37
Q

Briefly, this means that the product of the
pressure and the volume of the air at the various stages in
the working cycle is proportional to the absolute
(?) of the air at those stages.

A

temperature

38
Q

There are three main conditions in the engine working
cycle during which these changes occur.

A

compression
combustion
expansion

39
Q

During (?), when work is done to increase the
pressure and decrease the volume of the air, there is a
corresponding rise in the temperature.

A

compression

40
Q

During (?), when fuel is added to the air and
burnt to increase the temperature, there is a
corresponding increase in volume whilst the pressure
remains almost constant.

A

combustion

41
Q

During (?), when work is taken from the gas
stream by the turbine assembly, there is a decrease in
temperature and pressure with a corresponding increase
in volume.

A

expansion

42
Q

When the air is compressed or expanded at 100 percent
efficiency, the process is said to be (?).

A

ADIABATIC

43
Q

(?) percent is good adiabatic efficiency for the compressor and turbine.

A

90 PERCENT

44
Q

during compression, a rise in the (?) of the air is
required and not an increase in its velocity.

A

pressure

45
Q

After the air has been heated and its internal energy
increased by combustion, an increase in the (?) of
the gases is necessary to force the turbine to rotate.

A

velocity

46
Q

At the (?) a high exit velocity is required,
for it is the change in the momentum of the air that
provides the thrust on the aircraft.

A

propelling nozzle

47
Q

Local decelerations of (?) are also required, as for
instance, in the combustion chambers to provide a low
velocity zone for the flame to burn

A

airflow

48
Q

These various changes are effected by means of the size
and shape of the (?) through which the air passes on its
way through the engine.

A

ducts

49
Q

These shapes apply to the (?) where
the airflow velocity is subsonic or sonic, i.e. at the
local speed of sound

A

gas turbine engine

50
Q

The design of the (?) is of great
importance, for upon their good design will
depend the efficiency with which the energy
changes are effected.

A

passages and nozzles

51
Q

Any interference with the
smooth airflow creates a loss in efficiency and
could result in component failure due to vibration
caused by (?) or turbulence of the airflow.

A

EDDIES

52
Q

The path of the air through a gas turbine engine
varies according to the (?) of the engine.

A

design

53
Q

The major difference of a turbo-propeller
engine TO GTEs is the (?).

A

conversion of gas energy into mechanical power to drive the propeller

54
Q

Turboprop:
The majority of the energy in the gas stream is absorbed by additional (?), which drive the propeller through internal shafts

A

turbine stages

55
Q

Turboprop:
Only a small amount of (?) is available from the exhaust system.

A

‘jet thrust’

56
Q

the (?) involves a division of the airflow.

A

by-pass principle

57
Q

Conventionally, all
the air taken in is given an
initial (?) compression and
a percentage is then ducted
to by-pass, the remainder
being delivered to the
combustion system in the
usual manner.

A

low

58
Q

What is Newtons third Law of Motion?

A

LAW OF ACTION AND REACTION

59
Q

The term used for each set of stators and rotors

A

AXIAL FLOW

60
Q

This type of compressor incorporates an impeller

A

CENTRIFUGAL FLOW

61
Q

He patented the first Jet Engine

A

RENE LORIN

62
Q

Patented the first Gas Turbine Engine

A

FRANK WHITTLE

63
Q

What does “Athodyd” mean?

A

AERO THERMO DYNAMIC DUCT

64
Q

This type of Engine carries its own oxygen source

A

ROCKET ENGINE

65
Q

What will happen to the temperature of air if the pressure inside the engine is increased?

A

AIR TEMPERATURE INCREASES

66
Q

If temperature of air is increased, what is happening to the pressure?

A

AIR PRESSURE INCREASES

67
Q

The term used for changing air temperature to produce a propulsive force

A

JET PROPULSION

68
Q

Why are turbine engines more powerful than reciprocating engines?

A

TURBINE ENGINES ARE MORE POWERFUL THAN RECIPROCATING ENGINES BECAUSE THE COMBUSTION OF TURBINE ENGINES IS CONTINUOUSLY. IT CAN PROVIDE GREATER POWER OUTPUT. WHILE THE COMBUSTION OF RECIPROCATING ENGINES IS INTERMITTENTLY OR AT INTERVALS. IT CAN PROVIDE LOWER POWER OUTPUT THAN THE COMBUSTION OF TURBINE ENGINES THAT ARE GREATER.

69
Q

Why did it take 11 years for the whittle engine to achieve its first flight?

A

IT TAKE 11 YEARS FOR THE WHITTLE ENGINE TO ACHIEVE ITS FIRST FLIGHT BECAUSE BY THEIR TIME, THEY NOT YET DISCOVERED THE OTHER ELEMENTS OR METALS SUCH AS TITANIUM, ALUMINUM AND THEIR ALLOYS.

70
Q

What do we call the cycle in turbine engine?

A

Brayton Cycle

211 (6 decks)

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