Module 2

Question 1

Statistics

Answer 1

The science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making more effective decisions

Question 2

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 2

Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

The entire set of individuals or objects of interest or the measurements obtained from all individuals or objects of interest

Question 4

Sample

Answer 4

A portion, a part, of the population of interest

Question 5

Inferential Statistics

Answer 5

The methods used to estimate a property of a population based on a sample

Question 6

Nominal Level of Measurement

Answer 6

Data recorded at this level of measurement are represented as labels or names. They have no order. They can only be classified and counted.

Question 7

Ordinal Level of Measurement

Answer 7

Data recorded at this level of measurement is based on a relative ranking or rating of items based on a defined attribute or qualitative variable. Variables based on this level of measurement are only ranked and counted.

Question 8

Interval Level of Measurement

Answer 8

For data recorded at this level of measurement, the interval or the distance between values is meaningful. This level of measurement is based on scale with a known unit of measurement.

Question 9

Ratio Level of Measurement

Answer 9

Data recorded at this level of measurement are based on a scale with a known unit of measurement and a meaningful interpretation of zero on the scale

Question 10

Nominal

Answer 10

Data is only classified (jersey numbers, make of a car)

Question 11

Ordinal

Answer 11

Data is ranked (ranking in class, team standings in conference)

Question 12

Interval

Answer 12

Meaningful difference between values (temperature, dress size)

Question 13

Ratio

Answer 13

Meaningful 0 point and ratio between values (profit, fuel efficiency, distance to class)

Question 14

Parameter

Answer 14

A characteristic of a population

Question 15

Statistic

Answer 15

A characteristic of a sample

Question 16

Median

Answer 16

The midpoint of the values after they have been ordered from the minimum to the maximum values

Question 17

Mode

Answer 17

The value of the observation that appears most frequently

Question 18

Range equation

Answer 18

Maximum value – Minimum Value

Question 19

Variance

Answer 19

The arithmetic mean of the squared deviations from the mean

Question 20

Chebyshev’s Theorem

Answer 20

For any set of observations (sample or population), the proportion of the values that lie within k standard deviation of the mean is at least 1 -1/k^2, where k is any value greater than 1

Question 21

Empirical Rule

Answer 21

For a symmetrical, bell-shaped frequency distribution, approximately 68% of the observations will lie within plus and minus one standard deviation of the mean, about 95% of the observations will lie within plus and minus two of the standard deviation of the mean, and practically all (99.7%) will lie within plus and minus three of the standard deviation of the mean

Question 22

Dot Plot

Answer 22

This summarizes the distribution of one variable by stacking dots at points on a number line that shows the values of the variable. This shows all values.

Question 23

Quartiles

Answer 23

Values of an ordered (minimum to maximum) data set that divide the data into four intervals

Question 24

Deciles

Answer 24

Values of an ordered (minimum to maximum) data set that the data is divided into 10 equal parts

Question 25

Percentiles

Answer 25

Values of an ordered (minimum to maximum) data set that divide the data into 100 intervals

Question 26

Box Plot

Answer 26

A graphic display that shows the general shape of a variable’s distribution. It is based on five descriptive statistics: the maximum and minimum values, the first and third quartiles, and the mean.

Question 27

Interquartile Range

Answer 27

The absolute numerical difference between the first and third quartiles. Fifty percent of a distribution’s values occur in this range.

Question 28

Outlier

Answer 28

A data point that is unusually far from the others. An accepted rule is to classify an observation as an outlier if it is 1.5 times the interquartile range above the third quartile or below the first quartile

Question 29

Scatter Diagram

Answer 29

Graphical technique used to show the relationship between two variables measured with interval or ratio scales

Question 30

Contingency Table

Answer 30

A table used to classify sample observations according to two identifiable characteristics

Question 31

A probability must be between 0 and 1, but can sometimes be 100?

Answer 31

False

Question 32

An outcome is the result of an experiment such as rolling the dice and getting a 7?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Classical Probability is calculated by …. Probability of an Event = Count of Favorable Outcomes / The Count of all Outcomes?

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Mutually Exclusive events mean that the occurrence of one event means that none of the other events can occur at the same time.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

The Law of Large Numbers means as the experiment increases in sample size the empirical probability moves closer to 100?

Answer 35

False

Question 36

P (A or B) = P (A) + P(B) - P (A / B) … Like in a Venn Diagram?

Answer 36

False

Question 37

The Complement of A = P (1 - A)?

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Statistical Independence means the occurrence of one event has no impact on the occurrence of the next event?

Answer 38

True

Question 39

A statistical combination means order matters in the fundamental rules of counting.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

A Probability Distribution is a listing of all the outcomes of an experiment and the probability associated with each outcome?

Answer 40

True