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Paramedic > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Birth - 12 months

A

Infant

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2
Q

12 month - 36 month

A

Toddler

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3
Q

3y - 5y

A

PreSchool

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4
Q

6y - 12y

A

School Age

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5
Q

13y - 18y

A

Adolescence

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6
Q

19y - 40y

A

Early Adulthood

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7
Q

41y - 60y

A

Middle Adulthood

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8
Q

61y +

A

Late Adulthood

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9
Q

Greatest change in range of vital signs

A

Pediatric

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10
Q

HR at birth

A

100 - 180

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11
Q

Infants head is __% of body weight

A

25%

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12
Q

Blood vessel that connects umbilical vein and the IVC in fetus, constricts after birth

A

Ductus Venosus

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13
Q

Opening in interatrial septum of fetal heart

A

Foramen Ovale

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14
Q

Blood vessel that connects pulmonary artery and aorta in fetus, constricts after birth

A

Ductus Arteriosus

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15
Q

After birth, systemic vascular resistance ________, pulmonary vascular resistance __________

A

Increases, Decreases

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16
Q

chemical that reduces surface tension and holds moist membranes of lungs together

A

Surfactant

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17
Q

infants nose breather until

A

4 weeks

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18
Q

Infant ribs positioned ________, causing ________ breathing

A

Horizontally, Diaphragmatic

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19
Q

In infants, to observe adequate rise and fall, observe this part

A

Abdomen

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20
Q

Reflex causing baby to throw arms wide, spread fingers and grab instinctively

A

Moro Reflect (Startle Reflex)

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21
Q

Strong reflex in full term newborns elicited by placing finger in palm

A

Palmar reflex

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22
Q

causes hungry infant to turn head right/left when hand/cloth touches cheek

A

Rooting reflex

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23
Q

stroking infants lips

A

sucking reflex

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24
Q

track objects, recognize faces

A

2 months

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25
Q

move objects to mouth, primary emotion

A

3 months

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26
Q

drools, reach out to people

A

4 months

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27
Q

sleep thru night, discriminate between people

A

5 months

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28
Q

teeth appear

A

5 - 7 months

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29
Q

sit upright, 1 syllable words

A

6 months

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30
Q

fear of strangers

A

7 months

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31
Q

responds to no, peek a boo

A

8 months

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32
Q

model that recognizes childs active role in own development

A

reciprocal socialization

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33
Q

type of attachment that leads infant to sense that needs will be met by caregiver

A

secure attachment

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34
Q

type of attachment that leads to being uncertain whether caregivers will be responsive or helpful if needed

A

Anxious resistant attachment

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35
Q

type of attachment that leads to separation anxiety

A

anxious resistant attachment

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36
Q

attachment type that leads infant to have no confidence they will be responded to helpfully

A

anxious avoidant attachment

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37
Q

type of attachment that leads to child attempting to live without love/support of others

A

anxious avoidant attachment

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38
Q

infant wants world to be orderly, predictable place

A

trust vs mistrust

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39
Q

building on what they already know

A

scaffolding

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40
Q

kind of child that has regular body functions, low/moderate reaction

A

easy child

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41
Q

type of child with irregular body functions, intense reactions, withdrawal

A

difficult child

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42
Q

type of child with low intensity of reactions and somewhat negative mood

A

slow to warm up child

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43
Q

first stage of parental seperations reaction

A

protest

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44
Q

2nd stage of parental separation reaction

A

despair

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45
Q

3rd stage of parental separation reaction

A

detachment / withdrawl

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46
Q

develop “magical thinking”

A

toddler

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47
Q

parents that are demanding and desire instant obedience

A

authoritarian

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48
Q

parents respond to needs and wishes of children, explain reasons

A

authoritative

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49
Q

parents tolerant, accepting view of child

A

permissive

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50
Q

recognize sexual differences, develop gender specific behaviors through _____

A

modeling

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51
Q

what age do vital signs reach adult levels

A

school age

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52
Q

what age group are decision making skills, self-concept, self-esteem developed

A

school age

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53
Q

moral reasoning appears at this age

A

school age

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54
Q

moral development stage: obey rules to avoid punishment

A

preconventional stage 1

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55
Q

moral development stage: obey rules for self-interest, individualism and purpose

A

preconventional stage 2

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56
Q

moral development stage: seek approval of others, good boy good girl

A

conventional stage 3

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57
Q

moral development stage: social system morality, doing ones duty

A

conventional stage 4

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58
Q

moral development stage: community rights

A

post conventional stage 5

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59
Q

moral development stage: universal ethics, what is right

A

post conventional stage 6

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60
Q

what age develops sense of modesty and need for privacy

A

adolescents

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61
Q

depression and suicide most common in this age group

A

adolescents

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62
Q

personal code of ethics

A

adolescents

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63
Q

accidents leading cause of death in this age group

A

early adulthood

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64
Q

cancer strikes this group

A

middle adulthood

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65
Q

cardiovascular health becomes issues at this age group

A

middle adulthood

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66
Q

theoritical longest duration of life

A

max life span (120 y)

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67
Q

based on year of birth, average # of additonal years of life expected

A

life expectancy

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68
Q

changes in metabolism and absorption in this age group

A

late adulthood

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69
Q

active exercise performed against stable resistance, motionless manner

A

Isometric

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70
Q

muscles worked through range of motion

A

isotonic

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71
Q

blood/body fluid precautions designed to reduce risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens

A

standard precautions

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72
Q

precautions designed to reduce risk of transmission of pathogens from moist body substances

A

body substance isolation

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73
Q

stages of death

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

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74
Q

grief is a ______

A

feeling

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75
Q

mourning is a ________

A

process

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76
Q

3 types of stress adaptation

A

defensive strategies, coping, problem-solving

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77
Q

stress adaptation: may deny or distort reality of stressful situation

A

defensive strategies

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78
Q

stress adaptationactive process of confronting stressful situation

A

coping

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79
Q

stress adaptation: healthiest approach to dealing with stress

A

problem solving

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80
Q

3 phases of stress response

A

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

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81
Q

stress response: fight or flight stage, body prepares to defend self against threat

A

alarm phase

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82
Q

stress response: individual begins to cope with stress, may become desensitized over time

A

resistance phase

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83
Q

stress response: prolonged exposure to same stressors

A

exhaustion phase

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84
Q

serves to raise awareness of mental health issues in first repsonders

A

Code Green Campaign

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85
Q

techniques and activities that promote emotional health while decreasing vulnerability to stress

A

resiliency based care

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86
Q

greatest hazard for EMS personnel

A

motor vehicle collisions

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87
Q

determines whether a procedure, drug, Tx improves PT outcomes

A

outcome based research

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88
Q

published in 2001 by NHTSA to provide guide for future EMS research

A

National EMS Research Agenda

89
Q

knowledge attained through study/practice

A

science

90
Q

use of scientific method to study an issue

A

research

91
Q

process by which scientists collectively over time construct accurate representation of world

A

scientific method

92
Q

stopping, backing up, repeating a step in scientific method

A

iterative process

93
Q

examines info that already exists

A

retrospective

94
Q

study of information that starts now and from this point forward

A

prospective

95
Q

objective, specific, continuous data

A

quantitative

96
Q

nominal, ordinal, asks why not how

A

qualitative

97
Q

relationship between independent and dependent variable

A

quantitative

98
Q

study that has control group and treatment group, subjects randomly assigned

A

experimental study

99
Q

subjects not randomly assigned by scientists

A

quasiexperimental

100
Q

demographics of groups in this kind of study are similar

A

experimental

101
Q

demographics of groups in this kind of study are different

A

quasiexperimental

102
Q

study with no control group, groups studied without control comparison

A

observational

103
Q

type of study conducted when it is unethical to withhold Tx

A

observational

104
Q

observational study where subjects have a certain condition and are followed over time

A

Cohort study (ex: study of twins)

105
Q

observational study of one specific point in time

A

cross-sectional study

106
Q

study looking at group of pts with similar condition

A

case series

107
Q

study of single pt

A

case study

108
Q

In Vivo(within the living), how drugs affect biological systems

A

animal research

109
Q

In Vitro(within the glass or “test tube”), how universe functions

A

bench research

110
Q

assures results of study can be generalized, hold true for others at other places in time

A

external validity

111
Q

ensures results can be attributed to the cause and not anything else

A

internal validity

112
Q

ensures protection of human subjects in research

A

Institutional review boards

113
Q

describe basic features of the data obtained in study, provide summary of sampe

A

Descriptive Stats

114
Q

statistics that draw information from sampled observations of population and make conclusions

A

inferential stats

115
Q

mean and median, indicate center of a group

A

measures of central tendency

116
Q

subtracting mean from each value, square it, divide by number

A

variance

117
Q

square root of variance

A

standard deviation

118
Q

difference bt value obtained from sample and value that would be obtained from entire population

A

sampling error

119
Q

statement of no difference bt groups being samples from

A

null hypothesis

120
Q

case control studies, odds of having a risk factor if condition is present divided by odds of having if not present

A

odds ratio

121
Q

science and practice of protecting and improving health of community

A

public health

122
Q

primary tenet of public health

A

ID and prevent injury and illness

123
Q

3 categories of public health laws

A

illness and prevention
police powers for public health
epidemiological tools

124
Q

health care, public safety, public health

A

ems roles and responsibilities

125
Q

Category of public health law that gives public health officials necessary legal tools

A

Illness and Prevention

126
Q

Category of public health law that allows public health entities to act in general interest of public, epidemics and disasters

A

police powers for public health

127
Q

Category of public health laws giving public health agencies power to analyze legal issues related to public health

A

Epidemiological tools

128
Q

branch of medicine that deals with incidence and prevelance of disease in large populations

A

epidemiology

129
Q

subtracting age at death form 65

A

years of productive live

130
Q

hazardous or potentially hazardous situation that puts people in danger of sustaining injury

A

injury risk

131
Q

ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation of injury data (teachable moments)

A

injury surveillance program

132
Q

1 out of 3 deaths among children from ______

A

injury

133
Q

age kids should be in back seat

A

<12

134
Q

most frequent cause of injury to children <6y/o

A

falls

135
Q

back injuries are ____ % of all disabling injuries in the workplace

A

22%

136
Q

principles that ID desirable conduct by members of a group

A

ethics

137
Q

principles of right and wrong of the individual

A

morals

138
Q

laws based on constitution, protect people form government abuse

A

Constitutional law

139
Q

law of societies acceptance of customs and norms over time, change/grow over years (miranda)

A

Common Law (case law, judge made law)

140
Q

laws made by lawmakers or legislative bodies, not court decisions (congress)

A

statutory law (legislative law)

141
Q

law enacted by administrative or governmental agency at federal/state level (osha)

A

regulatory law (administrative law)

142
Q

law dealing with crime/punishment

A

criminal law

143
Q

noncriminal issues between plaintiff and defendant

A

civil law

144
Q

civil wrongs commmitted by one individual against another (negligence, medical malpractice, assault, battery, slander)

A

Tort law

145
Q

range of duties and skills paramedics are allowed and expected to perform, set by state law or regulation

A

scope of practice

146
Q

recognition granted to individual who has met predetemrined qualifications to participate in a certain activity

A

Certification

147
Q

process used to regulate occupations

A

Licensure

148
Q

SOAP acronym

A

Subjective Objective Assessment Plan

149
Q

CHART acronym

A

Chief Complaint, History, Assessment, Rx (Treatment) Transport

150
Q

Format that is a chronological account that focuses on immediately managing variety of patient problems and not conducting thorough exam/history

A

Patient Management Format

151
Q

Format that emphasizes MOI, surrounding circumstances, and how incident occured

A

Call Incident Approach/Format

152
Q

laws that protect paramedics

A

Immunity, Good Samaritan, Ryan White CARE act

153
Q

civil wrong committed by one person against another based on a willful act

A

intentional tort

154
Q

deviation from accepted standard of care recognized by law for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm

A

Negligence

155
Q

4 components of Negligence

A

Duty to act
breach of that duty
proximate cause
actual damage

156
Q

formal contractual or informal legal obligation to provide care

A

duty to act

157
Q

standard of care not met

A

breach of duty

158
Q

performance of a wrongful or unlawful act by paramedic

A

Malfeasance

159
Q

performance of a legal act in a manner that is harmful or injurious

A

Misfeasance

160
Q

Failure to perform a required act or duty

A

Nonfeasance

161
Q

res ipsa loquitur

A

the thing speaks for itself

162
Q
  • proof damages would not have occurred in absence of someones negligence
  • pt did not contribute to own injury
  • instruments causing damage were under defendants control at all times
A

res ipsa loquitur

163
Q

paramedic violates statute and injury to plaintiff results

A

Negligence Per Se (automatic negligence)

164
Q

proof pt was actually harmed in a way; compensated by award of damages

A

actual damages

165
Q

action or inaction of paramedic immediately caused/worsened damage (forseeability)

A

proximate cause

166
Q

restraint risk with conjuction of stimulant abuse

A

Excited Delerium Syndrome (ExDS)

167
Q

intentional false communication that injures another persons reputation or good name

A

Defamation

168
Q

injuring character, name, reputation by false statements, written

A

Libel

169
Q

Injuring character name, reputation by false statements, spoken

A

Slander

170
Q

release of confidential information without legal justification

A

invasion of privacy

171
Q

consent given based on full disclosure of info

A

informed consent

172
Q

consent that must be obtained by every competent adult

A

informed consent

173
Q

most common consent

A

expressed consent

174
Q

person directly grants permission to treat

A

expressed consent

175
Q

emergency doctrine

A

implied consent

176
Q

ethical and societal limits to interactions bt paramedics and patients

A

professional boundaries

177
Q

3 danger zone boundaries

A

being tired, seduced, unprepared

178
Q

unlawfully placing person in apprehension of immediate bodily harm without consent

A

Assault

179
Q

unlawful touching of another individual without consent

A

battery

180
Q

document created to ensure certian treatment choices are honored when a pt is unconscious

A

advanced directive

181
Q

allows person to specify kinds of medical treatment they wish to recieve

A

living will

182
Q

designed for terminally ill patients

A

POLST

183
Q

disabilites act

A

ADA 1990

184
Q

prohibits workplace harassment and discrimination

A

Title 7

185
Q

amendments to title 7

A

civil rights act 1964
age discrimination 1975
equal employment opportujnity act 1972

186
Q

allows 12 workweeks for a 12month period

A

FMLA

187
Q

minimum wage, OT, record keeping, child labor

A

Fair Labor Standards Act FLSA

188
Q

social, religious, personal standards of right/wrong

A

Morals

189
Q

adopted code of ethics for EMTs

A

National Association of EMTs in 1978

190
Q

each person must decide how to behave and whatever decision is made is ok

A

ethical relativism

191
Q

people should fulfill their duties

A

deontological method

192
Q

actions judged as good bad based on consequences

A

consequentialism

193
Q

adopted code of ethics for EMTs

A

National Association of EMTs in 1978

194
Q

doing good

A

Beneficence

195
Q

desire to do good

A

Benevolence

196
Q

paramedics obligation to treat all patients fairly

A

Justice

197
Q

not doing harm

A

Nonmaleficence

198
Q

primum non nocere

A

first, do no harm

199
Q

competent adult patients right to determine what happens to his own body

A

Autonomy

200
Q

paramedics obligation to treat all patients fairly

A

Justice

201
Q

test that asks whether you would be willing to undergo this procedure or action if you were in the patients place

A

Impartiality test

202
Q

test that asks whether you would want this action performed in all relevantly similar circumstances, helps avoid shortsightedness

A

Universalizability test

203
Q

test that asks whether you can defend or justify your actions to others

A

Interpersonal justifiability test

204
Q

process of exchanging information between individuals

A

communication

205
Q

program that dictated use of plain English in emergency radio communication

A

US Department of Homeland Security SAFECOM program

206
Q

repeating each statement to confirm accurate reception and understanding

A

echo procedure

207
Q

data dictionary agreed upon by states/territories

A

National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS)

208
Q

ANI

A

Automatic Number Identification

209
Q

ALI

A

Automatic Location Information

210
Q

ACN

A

Automatic Crash Notification

211
Q

Routes 911 call to appropriate agency for dispatch and response if it does not do dispatching itself

A

public safety answering points (PSAP)

212
Q

Predicts likelihood of serious injury among vehicle occupants
Decrease response times by providers
Assists with field triage destination and transportation decisions
Decreases time it takes for patients to recieve trauma care

A

Advanced Automatic Crash Notification (AACN)

213
Q

City units transmit ______ radio waves because they penetrate concrete/steel

A

Ultrahigh Frequency (UHF)

214
Q

communications in the 800-MHz range to hasten communications. Pool all frequencies

A

Trunking

215
Q

Transmit and receive on same frequency, cannot do both simultaneously

A

Simplex

216
Q

Allows simultaneous 2 way communications using 2 frequencies for each channel. Works like a phone

A

Duplex

217
Q

Capable of transmitting voice and data simultaneously

A

Multiplex

218
Q

communications in the 800-MHz range to hasten communications. Pool all frequencies

A

Trunking

Paramedic (2 decks)

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