Module 2 Flashcards
Birth - 12 months
Infant
12 month - 36 month
Toddler
3y - 5y
PreSchool
6y - 12y
School Age
13y - 18y
Adolescence
19y - 40y
Early Adulthood
41y - 60y
Middle Adulthood
61y +
Late Adulthood
Greatest change in range of vital signs
Pediatric
HR at birth
100 - 180
Infants head is __% of body weight
25%
Blood vessel that connects umbilical vein and the IVC in fetus, constricts after birth
Ductus Venosus
Opening in interatrial septum of fetal heart
Foramen Ovale
Blood vessel that connects pulmonary artery and aorta in fetus, constricts after birth
Ductus Arteriosus
After birth, systemic vascular resistance ________, pulmonary vascular resistance __________
Increases, Decreases
chemical that reduces surface tension and holds moist membranes of lungs together
Surfactant
infants nose breather until
4 weeks
Infant ribs positioned ________, causing ________ breathing
Horizontally, Diaphragmatic
In infants, to observe adequate rise and fall, observe this part
Abdomen
Reflex causing baby to throw arms wide, spread fingers and grab instinctively
Moro Reflect (Startle Reflex)
Strong reflex in full term newborns elicited by placing finger in palm
Palmar reflex
causes hungry infant to turn head right/left when hand/cloth touches cheek
Rooting reflex
stroking infants lips
sucking reflex
track objects, recognize faces
2 months
move objects to mouth, primary emotion
3 months
drools, reach out to people
4 months
sleep thru night, discriminate between people
5 months
teeth appear
5 - 7 months
sit upright, 1 syllable words
6 months
fear of strangers
7 months
responds to no, peek a boo
8 months
model that recognizes childs active role in own development
reciprocal socialization
type of attachment that leads infant to sense that needs will be met by caregiver
secure attachment
type of attachment that leads to being uncertain whether caregivers will be responsive or helpful if needed
Anxious resistant attachment
type of attachment that leads to separation anxiety
anxious resistant attachment
attachment type that leads infant to have no confidence they will be responded to helpfully
anxious avoidant attachment
type of attachment that leads to child attempting to live without love/support of others
anxious avoidant attachment
infant wants world to be orderly, predictable place
trust vs mistrust
building on what they already know
scaffolding
kind of child that has regular body functions, low/moderate reaction
easy child
type of child with irregular body functions, intense reactions, withdrawal
difficult child
type of child with low intensity of reactions and somewhat negative mood
slow to warm up child
first stage of parental seperations reaction
protest
2nd stage of parental separation reaction
despair
3rd stage of parental separation reaction
detachment / withdrawl
develop “magical thinking”
toddler
parents that are demanding and desire instant obedience
authoritarian
parents respond to needs and wishes of children, explain reasons
authoritative
parents tolerant, accepting view of child
permissive
recognize sexual differences, develop gender specific behaviors through _____
modeling
what age do vital signs reach adult levels
school age
what age group are decision making skills, self-concept, self-esteem developed
school age
moral reasoning appears at this age
school age
moral development stage: obey rules to avoid punishment
preconventional stage 1
moral development stage: obey rules for self-interest, individualism and purpose
preconventional stage 2
moral development stage: seek approval of others, good boy good girl
conventional stage 3
moral development stage: social system morality, doing ones duty
conventional stage 4
moral development stage: community rights
post conventional stage 5
moral development stage: universal ethics, what is right
post conventional stage 6
what age develops sense of modesty and need for privacy
adolescents
depression and suicide most common in this age group
adolescents
personal code of ethics
adolescents
accidents leading cause of death in this age group
early adulthood
cancer strikes this group
middle adulthood
cardiovascular health becomes issues at this age group
middle adulthood
theoritical longest duration of life
max life span (120 y)
based on year of birth, average # of additonal years of life expected
life expectancy
changes in metabolism and absorption in this age group
late adulthood
active exercise performed against stable resistance, motionless manner
Isometric
muscles worked through range of motion
isotonic
blood/body fluid precautions designed to reduce risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens
standard precautions
precautions designed to reduce risk of transmission of pathogens from moist body substances
body substance isolation
stages of death
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
grief is a ______
feeling
mourning is a ________
process
3 types of stress adaptation
defensive strategies, coping, problem-solving
stress adaptation: may deny or distort reality of stressful situation
defensive strategies
stress adaptationactive process of confronting stressful situation
coping
stress adaptation: healthiest approach to dealing with stress
problem solving
3 phases of stress response
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
stress response: fight or flight stage, body prepares to defend self against threat
alarm phase
stress response: individual begins to cope with stress, may become desensitized over time
resistance phase
stress response: prolonged exposure to same stressors
exhaustion phase
serves to raise awareness of mental health issues in first repsonders
Code Green Campaign
techniques and activities that promote emotional health while decreasing vulnerability to stress
resiliency based care
greatest hazard for EMS personnel
motor vehicle collisions
determines whether a procedure, drug, Tx improves PT outcomes
outcome based research
published in 2001 by NHTSA to provide guide for future EMS research
National EMS Research Agenda
knowledge attained through study/practice
science
use of scientific method to study an issue
research
process by which scientists collectively over time construct accurate representation of world
scientific method
stopping, backing up, repeating a step in scientific method
iterative process
examines info that already exists
retrospective
study of information that starts now and from this point forward
prospective
objective, specific, continuous data
quantitative
nominal, ordinal, asks why not how
qualitative
relationship between independent and dependent variable
quantitative
study that has control group and treatment group, subjects randomly assigned
experimental study
subjects not randomly assigned by scientists
quasiexperimental
demographics of groups in this kind of study are similar
experimental
demographics of groups in this kind of study are different
quasiexperimental
study with no control group, groups studied without control comparison
observational
type of study conducted when it is unethical to withhold Tx
observational
observational study where subjects have a certain condition and are followed over time
Cohort study (ex: study of twins)
observational study of one specific point in time
cross-sectional study
study looking at group of pts with similar condition
case series
study of single pt
case study
In Vivo(within the living), how drugs affect biological systems
animal research
In Vitro(within the glass or “test tube”), how universe functions
bench research
assures results of study can be generalized, hold true for others at other places in time
external validity
ensures results can be attributed to the cause and not anything else
internal validity
ensures protection of human subjects in research
Institutional review boards
describe basic features of the data obtained in study, provide summary of sampe
Descriptive Stats
statistics that draw information from sampled observations of population and make conclusions
inferential stats
mean and median, indicate center of a group
measures of central tendency
subtracting mean from each value, square it, divide by number
variance
square root of variance
standard deviation
difference bt value obtained from sample and value that would be obtained from entire population
sampling error
statement of no difference bt groups being samples from
null hypothesis
case control studies, odds of having a risk factor if condition is present divided by odds of having if not present
odds ratio
science and practice of protecting and improving health of community
public health
primary tenet of public health
ID and prevent injury and illness
3 categories of public health laws
illness and prevention
police powers for public health
epidemiological tools
health care, public safety, public health
ems roles and responsibilities
Category of public health law that gives public health officials necessary legal tools
Illness and Prevention
Category of public health law that allows public health entities to act in general interest of public, epidemics and disasters
police powers for public health
Category of public health laws giving public health agencies power to analyze legal issues related to public health
Epidemiological tools
branch of medicine that deals with incidence and prevelance of disease in large populations
epidemiology
subtracting age at death form 65
years of productive live
hazardous or potentially hazardous situation that puts people in danger of sustaining injury
injury risk
ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation of injury data (teachable moments)
injury surveillance program
1 out of 3 deaths among children from ______
injury
age kids should be in back seat
<12
most frequent cause of injury to children <6y/o
falls
back injuries are ____ % of all disabling injuries in the workplace
22%
principles that ID desirable conduct by members of a group
ethics
principles of right and wrong of the individual
morals
laws based on constitution, protect people form government abuse
Constitutional law
law of societies acceptance of customs and norms over time, change/grow over years (miranda)
Common Law (case law, judge made law)
laws made by lawmakers or legislative bodies, not court decisions (congress)
statutory law (legislative law)
law enacted by administrative or governmental agency at federal/state level (osha)
regulatory law (administrative law)
law dealing with crime/punishment
criminal law
noncriminal issues between plaintiff and defendant
civil law
civil wrongs commmitted by one individual against another (negligence, medical malpractice, assault, battery, slander)
Tort law
range of duties and skills paramedics are allowed and expected to perform, set by state law or regulation
scope of practice
recognition granted to individual who has met predetemrined qualifications to participate in a certain activity
Certification
process used to regulate occupations
Licensure
SOAP acronym
Subjective Objective Assessment Plan
CHART acronym
Chief Complaint, History, Assessment, Rx (Treatment) Transport
Format that is a chronological account that focuses on immediately managing variety of patient problems and not conducting thorough exam/history
Patient Management Format
Format that emphasizes MOI, surrounding circumstances, and how incident occured
Call Incident Approach/Format
laws that protect paramedics
Immunity, Good Samaritan, Ryan White CARE act
civil wrong committed by one person against another based on a willful act
intentional tort
deviation from accepted standard of care recognized by law for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm
Negligence
4 components of Negligence
Duty to act
breach of that duty
proximate cause
actual damage
formal contractual or informal legal obligation to provide care
duty to act
standard of care not met
breach of duty
performance of a wrongful or unlawful act by paramedic
Malfeasance
performance of a legal act in a manner that is harmful or injurious
Misfeasance
Failure to perform a required act or duty
Nonfeasance
res ipsa loquitur
the thing speaks for itself
- proof damages would not have occurred in absence of someones negligence
- pt did not contribute to own injury
- instruments causing damage were under defendants control at all times
res ipsa loquitur
paramedic violates statute and injury to plaintiff results
Negligence Per Se (automatic negligence)
proof pt was actually harmed in a way; compensated by award of damages
actual damages
action or inaction of paramedic immediately caused/worsened damage (forseeability)
proximate cause
restraint risk with conjuction of stimulant abuse
Excited Delerium Syndrome (ExDS)
intentional false communication that injures another persons reputation or good name
Defamation
injuring character, name, reputation by false statements, written
Libel
Injuring character name, reputation by false statements, spoken
Slander
release of confidential information without legal justification
invasion of privacy
consent given based on full disclosure of info
informed consent
consent that must be obtained by every competent adult
informed consent
most common consent
expressed consent
person directly grants permission to treat
expressed consent
emergency doctrine
implied consent
ethical and societal limits to interactions bt paramedics and patients
professional boundaries
3 danger zone boundaries
being tired, seduced, unprepared
unlawfully placing person in apprehension of immediate bodily harm without consent
Assault
unlawful touching of another individual without consent
battery
document created to ensure certian treatment choices are honored when a pt is unconscious
advanced directive
allows person to specify kinds of medical treatment they wish to recieve
living will
designed for terminally ill patients
POLST
disabilites act
ADA 1990
prohibits workplace harassment and discrimination
Title 7
amendments to title 7
civil rights act 1964
age discrimination 1975
equal employment opportujnity act 1972
allows 12 workweeks for a 12month period
FMLA
minimum wage, OT, record keeping, child labor
Fair Labor Standards Act FLSA
social, religious, personal standards of right/wrong
Morals
adopted code of ethics for EMTs
National Association of EMTs in 1978
each person must decide how to behave and whatever decision is made is ok
ethical relativism
people should fulfill their duties
deontological method
actions judged as good bad based on consequences
consequentialism
adopted code of ethics for EMTs
National Association of EMTs in 1978
doing good
Beneficence
desire to do good
Benevolence
paramedics obligation to treat all patients fairly
Justice
not doing harm
Nonmaleficence
primum non nocere
first, do no harm
competent adult patients right to determine what happens to his own body
Autonomy
paramedics obligation to treat all patients fairly
Justice
test that asks whether you would be willing to undergo this procedure or action if you were in the patients place
Impartiality test
test that asks whether you would want this action performed in all relevantly similar circumstances, helps avoid shortsightedness
Universalizability test
test that asks whether you can defend or justify your actions to others
Interpersonal justifiability test
process of exchanging information between individuals
communication
program that dictated use of plain English in emergency radio communication
US Department of Homeland Security SAFECOM program
repeating each statement to confirm accurate reception and understanding
echo procedure
data dictionary agreed upon by states/territories
National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS)
ANI
Automatic Number Identification
ALI
Automatic Location Information
ACN
Automatic Crash Notification
Routes 911 call to appropriate agency for dispatch and response if it does not do dispatching itself
public safety answering points (PSAP)
Predicts likelihood of serious injury among vehicle occupants
Decrease response times by providers
Assists with field triage destination and transportation decisions
Decreases time it takes for patients to recieve trauma care
Advanced Automatic Crash Notification (AACN)
City units transmit ______ radio waves because they penetrate concrete/steel
Ultrahigh Frequency (UHF)
communications in the 800-MHz range to hasten communications. Pool all frequencies
Trunking
Transmit and receive on same frequency, cannot do both simultaneously
Simplex
Allows simultaneous 2 way communications using 2 frequencies for each channel. Works like a phone
Duplex
Capable of transmitting voice and data simultaneously
Multiplex
communications in the 800-MHz range to hasten communications. Pool all frequencies
Trunking
