module 2

Question 1

brachi-

Answer 1

arm

Question 2

bucc-

Answer 2

cheek

Question 3

caud-

Answer 3

tail

Question 4

celi-
cel-
lapar-
abdomin-
ventr-*

Answer 4

abdomen

Question 5

cephal-

Answer 5

head

Question 6

cervic-trachel-

Answer 6

neck [Generally, the neck on the shoulders, but applicable to any neck within a body structure]

Question 7

cheil-

labi-

Answer 7

lip; labium [pl. labia]

Question 8

cheir-

chir-

Answer 8

hand

Question 9

crur-

Answer 9

leg; thigh

Question 10

dactyl-

Answer 10

digit; finger; toe

Question 11

derm-
dermat-
cutane-

Answer 11

skin

Question 12

gnath-

Answer 12

jaw

Question 13

inguin-

Answer 13

groin

Question 14

later-

Answer 14

the side [i.e., of the body,or of a specificorgan or structure]

Question 15

lumb-

Answer 15

loin

Question 16

ment-*

Answer 16

chin

Question 17

om-

Answer 17

shoulder

Question 18

omphal-

umbilic-

Answer 18

navel; umbilicus

Question 19

path-

Answer 19

disease

Question 20

pod-

ped-*

Answer 20

foot

Question 21

sarc-

Answer 21

flesh

Question 22

soma-

somat-

Answer 22

body

Question 23

thorac-
steth-
pector-

Answer 23

chest; thorax

Question 24

-ad

Answer 24

moving in a direction toward[When two roots are used, the first root denotes the origin and the second the end-point of the direction, e.g., cephalocaudad means “moving in a direction from the head toward the tail.” The order of the roots in the term must be properly reflected in the definition.]

Question 25

-ate

Answer 25

having; characterized by

Question 26

-ics

Answer 26

study (of a subject)[The termination -logy is more commonly and should be used, unless you are specifically directed to use thissuffix.]

Question 27

-ist

Answer 27

a specialist (in a subject)

Question 28

-itis

Answer 28

inflammation

Question 29

-oid

Answer 29

resembling;like

Question 30

• osis
• ism
• iasis

Answer 30

These suffixes form a noun and indicate a state of being, one which is usually (but not necessarily) negative or abnormal in character. Most usually, expect to see either of these in definitions given to you: a. disorder (of an organ, structure, function, characteristic);orb. condition characterised by/caused by (a substance or characteristic)Notice that the choice between the two options above depends upon the root to which the suffix is attached Frequently, however, these phrases will not be appropriate to the context; the word “condition,” e.g., may be an appropriate rendering in some contexts. Note also that -osis is the most commonly used of these three suffixes; you must use -osis when creating a term using the definitions given above, unless directed otherwise.

Question 31

-ous*

Answer 31

containing

Question 32

• ia

- y

Answer 32

Suffixes which create a noun: a state of being, a process or act, a syndrome, a symptom, etc. Very often the suffix does not need a specific translation; if context requires, however, it could be rendered as either “condition” or “condition characterized by,” but the translation will depend upon the context. No single definition is possible, and so you must use context to decide on what kind of noun is being created. If you need to use either of these suffixes when creating a word, you will be told this; if you do not see any such direction, then you must look for another suffix or a termination.

Question 33

• ic
• tic
• al
• ical
• ac
• ar
• ary
• eal
• ine
• ile
• ous*

Answer 33

Suffixes which create an adjective. Most usually the meaning can be conveyed by the phrases “pertaining to” or “located in” but it will depend upon context; in many instances neither of these phrases can be used. This situation is particularly true when the adjective is modifying a noun in a phrase; in such situations, the word “of” may be the best option. You need to be able to recognise all of these as adjectival suffixes in words given to you to define; when creating a word which requires only an adjectival suffix, you will be told which one to use.

Question 34

• ize

- ise

Answer 34

Suffixeswhich create a verb, as in “to (do something).” Some possible renderings, depending on the context, include “to make X ,” “to become X,” “to cause X to occur,” “to subjectXto,” or “to engage inX.”

Question 35

-algia

Answer 35

pain (in)[For any termination indicating pain in a body part ( there will be others in later modules), English requires the preposition “in” to indicate that body part.]

Question 36

-cele

Answer 36

protrusion from(an organ or other structure);protrusion filled with (a substance)

Question 37

-ectome

Answer 37

instrument used to excise [i.e., to cut out]

Question 38

-ectomize

Answer 38

to excise; to cut out; to remove surgically

Question 39

-ectomy

Answer 39

excision; surgical removal

Question 40

-gram

Answer 40

a record

Question 41

-graph

Answer 41

instrument used to record

Question 42

-graphy

Answer 42

a recording[i.e., a process of making a record]

Question 43

-logist

Answer 43

specialist in the study (of a subject)

Question 44

-logical

Answer 44

pertaining to the study (of a subject

Question 45

-logy

Answer 45

study (of a subject)

Question 46

-megaly

Answer 46

enlargement (of an organ or structure)

Question 47

-meter

Answer 47

instrument used to measure

Question 48

-metry

Answer 48

measurement (of an organ, structure, function, characteristic, etc.)

Question 49

-ostomy

Answer 49

creation of a passage into (an organ or structure);creation of a passage between (organ or structure X) and (organ or structure Y)

Question 50

-pathic

Answer 50

pertaining to disease; diseased

Question 51

-pathy

Answer 51

disease

Question 52

-plasty

Answer 52

surgical repair

Question 53

-scope

Answer 53

instrument used to make a visual examination [On rare occasion the instrument does not refer to visual examination but to examination by other means.]

Question 54

-scopy

Answer 54

visual examination

Question 55

-tome

Answer 55

instrument used to cut(into)

Question 56

-tomy

Answer 56

incision(in, or into)