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MODULE 2 (BIO) > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What equation is used for enzyme exhibiting cooperativitiy
A. Michaelis Menten
B. Hill
C. Michaelis Menten double derived reciprocal
D. All of the above

A

B.

if ordinary, a and c

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1
Q

Base on IUB system, Hexokinase is what kind of enzyme?

A

Transferase

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2
Q

How to overcome competitive inhibition

A

Add more substate

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5
Q 
In non competitive inhibition, 
A, vmax increase, km increase
B. no change vmax, km decrease
C. No change vmax, no change km 
D. Vmax decrease, no change km
A

D

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7
Q

True or false. After a chemical rxn, enzymes are consumed.

A

False. Enzyme catAlyzes rxn but is not consumed or PERMANENTLY altered

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8
Q

True or false. Cytochrome are only found in the mitochondria

A

False.

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10
Q

If rifampicin, an enzyme inducer is given concommitantly with morphine, these will happen to morphine except
A. Inc effect
B. inc metabolism
C. Inc excretion

A

A. Dec

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11
Q

functions similar to those of prosthetic groups but bind in a transient, dissociable manner either to the enzyme or to a substrate

A

Cofactors

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12
Q 
Vitamin b needed for 
A. NAD
B. FMN
C. Coenzyme A
D. Ketoacids 
E. one carbon metabolism
A 
A. Nicotinamide
B. riboflavin 
C. Panthotenic acid 
D. Thiamine
E. folic acid and cobamide
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13
Q

True or false. Almost all enzyme are protein

A

True.
Mostly protein
Some ribozymes ( RNA enzymes)

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14
Q 
The ff can increase reaction rate except 
A. Increase temp
B. increase reactant concentration 
C. Increase kinetic energy 
D. None of the above
A

D

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15
Q

How many hydrogen ion is translocated in NADH dehydrogenase

A

4

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16
Q 
Competitive inhibition has 
A. No effect on vmax, increase km
B. increase vmax, no effect on km
C. Decrease vmax, decrease km 
D, increase vmax, increase km
E. no effect on vmax, no effect in km
A

A

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19
Q 
phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is 
A. Endergonic
B. exergonic 
C. Both 
D. Neither
A

A. Needs energy from ATP.

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20
Q

Final electron acceptor in ETC

A

Oxygen

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21
Q

If Gibbs free energy is positive, it will favor
A. Substrate formation
B. product formation

A

Substrate

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23
Q

How many hydrogen ion is needed to produce 1 ATP

A

4

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24
Q

True or false. In noncompetitive inhibition, binding of the inhibitor affects binding of substrate

A

False. Does not affect.

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25
Q

True or false. Chylomicron triacylglycerol is directly taken up by liver

A

False. Lipoprotein lipase must first act on it

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26
Q

True or false. In spontaneous rxn, there is increase in entropy

A

True

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29
Q

What is the prosthetic group of peroxidase

A

Protoheme

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30
Q

Partial oxidation of fatty acids in the liver leads to

A

Ketone body production

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31
Q

How many ATP is produced from FADH2 in TCA

A

3

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33
Q

Initial electron donor in ETC

A

NADH

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34
Q 
If reaction proceeds spontaneously with loss of free energy
A. Gibbs is negative, exergonic
B. Gibbs is positive, endergonic
C. Gibbs is negative, endergonic 
D. Gibbs is positive, exergonic
A

A

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35
Q

serve as recyclable shuttles—or group transfer reagents—that transport many substrates from their point of generation to their point of utilization

A

Co enzymes

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36
Q

In ETC, what links the flavoproteins to cytochrome b

A

Ubiquinone or coenzyme Q

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37
Q

process of forming glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors

A

Gluconeogenesis

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38
Q

distinguished by their tight, stable incorporation into a protein’s structure by covalent or noncovalent forces

A

Prosthetic group

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39
Q

Where do non competitive inhibitor bind

A

Allosteric site

If competitive, active site

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40
Q

True or false. Endergonic rxn does not need exergonic rxn to take place.

A

False. It cannot exist alone, must have energy source

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41
Q 
In ETC the ff acts as proton pump except 
A. Complex I
B. complex II
C. Complex III
D. Complex IV
A

B.

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42
Q

Uncouplers inhibit ETC by what mechanism

A

Create iodophores where hydrogen ions can go inside mitochondria thus reducing the electrochemical gradient for ATP synthase to occur

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46
Q

What inhibitor blocks conduction of hydrogen ion to the ATP synthase

A

Oligomycin

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48
Q 
Monosaccharides are joined by 
A. Phosphodiester bond
B. glycosidic bond 
C. Peptide bond 
D. Hydrogen bond
A

B.
phosphodiester bond for ATP
Peptide bond for amino acids

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49
Q

Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, where it is oxidatively decarboxylated to the two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA. This rxn is called

A

Transition rxn

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50
Q

How many ATP is produced in glycolysis

A

4

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51
Q

What organism utilize simple exergonic process

A

Autotrophs

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53
Q 
Glucose is an example of 
A. Aldehyde 
B. ketone
C. Carboxylic acid
D. Alcohol
A

A.

Fructose is a ketone

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54
Q

As you go along ETC,
A. There is an increase in electronegativity
B. There is a decrease in electronegativity
C. There is no change in electronegativity

A

A

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55
Q 
In ETC, an inhibition of 1 complex will
A. Slow down ETC
B. Stop ETC
C. Hasten ETC
D. No effect
A

B

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56
Q 
Lower Km will result to 
A. Increase affinity 
B. increase vmax 
C. Decrease affinity 
D. Decrease vmax
A

A

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57
Q

How many net ATP is produced in aerobic glycolysis

A

7

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58
Q

Most important carbohydrate

A

Glucose

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59
Q

How many ATP is produced in the NADH of TCA

A

15

60
Q 
Barbiturates is an inh. Of ETC complex \_\_\_\_
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
A

A. By inhibiting the transfer of Fes to Q

62
Q

Inhibitor of complex V

A

Atractyloside or oligomycin

63
Q

In complex IV, how many hydrogen ion are translocated

A

2

64
Q

True or false. Enzymes are stereospecific

A

True.

66
Q

In glycogen, what bond causes it to branch

A

1,6 bond

67
Q

Esters of fatty acids with glycerol

A

Fats

If with alcohol , wax

68
Q

Where does glycolysis take place

A

Cytosol

69
Q 
When a chain is said to be saturated, 
A. It has no double bond 
B. it has 1 double bond
C. It has 2 double bonds 
D. It has 1 triple bond, 1 double bond
A

A.

70
Q

FADH2 will start at what complex in ETC

A

II

71
Q

Inhibitor of glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase

A

Iodoacetate

72
Q

Amphibolic metabolism is
A. Exergonic
B. endergonic
C. Both

A

C.
Anabolic - endergonic
Catabolic - exergonic

73
Q

ALL carboxylases require _____ as a co-factor

A

Biotin

74
Q

All the products of digestion are metabolized to a common product called

A

Acetyl coA

75
Q

End product of anaerobic glycolysis

A

Lactic acid

76
Q

Energy is used in gluconeogenesis

A

4 ATP, 2 GTP, 2 NADH

77
Q

Each glucose molecule can produce ____ ATP

A

32

78
Q

Where does ETC take place

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

79
Q

Pathway to synthesize ribose

A

Pentose phosphate

80
Q

Main fuel RESERVE of the body

A

Triacylglycerol

81
Q

True or false. All organ can take up free fatty acids

A

False. Brain and erythrocytes cannot

82
Q

NADH is transferred from the cytosol to the mitochondria by what transported

A

Glycerophosphate shuttle or malate shuttle

83
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

84
Q 
Acetyl-CoA is also used as the precursor for biosynthesis of the ff except 
a. long-chain fatty acids
B. steroids
C. ketone bodies
D. none of the above
A

D

85
Q

After deamination, amino nitrogen is excreted as

A

Urea

86
Q

Glycolysis is
A. Catabolism
B. anabolism
C. Amphibolism

A

A

87
Q

Glycolysis in RBC will yield how many net ATP

A

None

89
Q

Dec in glycogen phosphorylase would lead to
A. Inc glycogenesis
B. dec glycogenesis

A

A

90
Q 
These organs DO NOT need insulin except 
A. RBC
B. brain
C. Liver 
D. Muscle 
E. intestinal mucosa
A

D. Muscle and adipose tissues need it

91
Q

How many ATP is invested in glycolysis

A

2

92
Q

How does pyruvate become lactate

A

Fermentation by lactate dehydrogenase

93
Q

Major site of gluconeogenesis

A

Liver 90%, kidney 10

94
Q

ATP is an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis

A

False. Activator along fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

95
Q

Rate limiting step in gluconeogenesis

A

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6 phosphate

96
Q

Enolase is inhibited by

A

Fluoride

97
Q

Where does PEP carboxylase get GTP

A

Beta oxidation of fatty acid

98
Q

True or false Increase breakdown of fat would signal gluconeogenesis

A

True

99
Q

Muscle does NOT contribute to blood glucose

A

True. It has no G6P

100
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Where is glucose 6 phosphate converted to glucose

101
Q

How many ATP is used in Cori cycle

A

4

102
Q

major precursor of glucose in ruminants

A

Proprionate

103
Q

Priopionate is directly fed to gluconeogenesis

A

False.

104
Q

Gluconeogenesis depends on amino acids and, to a lesser extent, on lactic acid and glycerol

A

True

105
Q

Increase glucagon increases gluconeogenesis

A

True.

106
Q

Glucagon stimulate glycolysis

A

FAlse. Inhibit

107
Q

The only source of glucose during prolonged fasting

A

Gluconeogenesis

108
Q

Inc NADH inc gluconeogenesis

A

False

109
Q

Dietary EVEN numbered carbon fatty acids will yield propionate

A

False. ODD numbered so yun may carbon 15, 17, 19….

110
Q

Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate would stimulate gluconeogenesis

A

False. Stimulate glycolysis.inh gluconeogenesis

111
Q

Where can you find glucose 6 phosphates

A

Liver and kidney

112
Q

catalyzes the conversion of glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate

A

Glycerol kinase. Found only in kidney n liver

113
Q

Enzyme in the Rate limiting step of glycolysis

A

Fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

114
Q

Where can you find PEP carboxylase

A

Mitochondria

115
Q

Shape of the graph of an enzyme that exhibits cooperativitiy

A

Sigmoidal

If ordinary enzyme, hyperbolic

116
Q

combined catabolic and anabolic processes

A

Metabolism

117
Q

The remaining free energy that is not captured as high-energy phosphate is liberated as _____

A

Heat

119
Q

How many net ATP is produced in anaerobic glycolysis

A

2

120
Q

Main fuel source of the body

A

Glucose

121
Q

How many ATP is produced from the NADH of GLYCOLYSIS

A

5

123
Q

portion of the total energy change in a system that is available for doing work

A

Gibb’s free energy

134
Q

True or false. Metalloenzymes are metal activated enzymes

A

False.
Metalloenzyme - prosthetic group
Metal activated enzyme - cofactors

139
Q

How many hydrogen ions are translocated in complex II

A

None

140
Q

Cyanide inhibits what complex in ETC

A

IV

145
Q

postulates that the energy from oxidation of components in the respiratory chain is coupled to the translocation of hydrogen ions (protons, H+) from the inside to the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

Mitchell’s chemiosmotic theory

154
Q

Most accepted theory on enzyme bonding to substrate

A

Induced fit by Koshland

160
Q

extent of disorder or randomness of the system

A

Entropy

193
Q

Increase in insulin would lead to
A. Inc glycogenesis
B. dec glycogenesis

A

A

MODULE 2 (BIO) (1 decks)

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