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MODULE 3 & 4 (HISTO) > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false. Males have higher percentage of adipose tissues than women

A

False .
Male 15-20%
Female 20-25%

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2
Q

True or false. In all cells, the stroma is made up of connective tissues

A

False.. Brain and spinal cord are not

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3
Q

True or false. Everything that enters and leaves the body must pass through epithelial sheet.

A

True. Epithelium lines internal and external cavities of the body

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4
Q

The region of the cell that faces the connective tissue is called the

A

Basal pole.

The opposite is the apical pole ( faces space)

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5
Q

True or false. All epithelial cells are followed by a basement membrane

A

True

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6
Q

Basal lamina is made up of type _____ collagen

A

IV

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7
Q

Reticular fibers are made up of type ____ collagen

A

III

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8
Q

This cartilage is an intermediate between hyaline and dense connective tissue

A

Fibrocartilage

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10
Q

Basement membrane is thinner than basal lamina

A

False. Basement membrane is composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina, therefore thicker

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12
Q 
Sites of adhesion
A. Occluding junction 
B. anchoring junction 
C. Gap junction 
D. Adhesive junction 
E. two of the above
A

E. anchoring junction is also the adhesive junction

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13
Q

cytoskeletal feature at the apical pole in many epithelial cells with a role in cytoplasmic motility and other functions

A

Terminal web

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15
Q 
Seals to prevent the flow of materials between the cells 
A. Occluding junction
B. adhesion junction 
C. Gap junction
D. Adhesive junctio
A

A

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16
Q 
Most apical of the junction 
A. Zonula occludens
B. zonula adherens.
C. Macula adherens
D. Desmosomes
A

A

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17
Q 
Serve to stabilize and strengthen the circular bands around the cells and help hold the layer of cells together
A. Tight junction .
B. adhesive junction 
C. Gap junction
D. Basal lamina
A

B

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18
Q

transmembrane proteins which make tight contact across the intercellular space, creating a seal

A

Claudin

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19
Q

True or false. Zonula occludens only forms a seal on one side of the epithelium

A

False

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20
Q 
help prevent the integral membrane proteins of the apical surface from being transferred to the basolateral surface
A. Zonula occludens
B. zonula adherens
C. Macula adherens
D. Desmosomes
A

A

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21
Q

Adhesion is mediated by transmembrane glycoproteins

A

Cadherins

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22
Q

this junctional type resembles a single “spot-weld” and does not form a belt around the cell

A

Desmosome or macula adherens

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23
Q

Zonula adherens: actin filaments = Macula adherens : ______

A

Intermediate filament

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24
Q

True or false. Mucous secretory glands stain more intensely than serous glands

A

False

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25
Q

True or false. Every cartilage has perichondrium

A

False.. Fibrocartilage has no perichondrium

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26
Q

Cadherins need what ion to function.

A

Calcium ions

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28
Q

specialized form of connective tissue in which the firm consistency of the ECM allows the tissue to bear mechanical stresses without permanent distortion

A

Cartilage

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29
Q

Binds periosteum to bone

A

Sharpey’s fiber / perforAting fiber

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30
Q

True or false. Stereocilla are longer than microvilli?

A

True..

Flagella > cilia> stereo cilia > microvilli

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33
Q 
Color of brown adipose tissue is due to 
A. Increase mitochondria 
B. increase Golgi apparatus 
C. Increase rough ER
D. Increase nucleus
A

A

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34
Q

Basal bodies has a structure similar to what organelle

A

Centriole

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35
Q

Micro villi are found in the
A. Basal pole
B. apical pole
C. Lateral membrane

A

B. facing the space

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36
Q

Stain to see fat cells

A

Osmium tetroxide

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37
Q

True or false. Fresh cartilage have bluish color

A

False.
Hyaline - bluish
Elastic - yellow

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38
Q

Monocyte like bone cells

A

Osteoclasts

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39
Q

Arrange the ff steps in intramembranous ossification

1 osteoid undergoes calcification
2 lamellar bone replaces woven bone
3 ossification center formed within thickened regions of mesenchyme
4 woven bone and surrounding periosteum form

A

3 142

40
Q

Describe the arrangement of the cilia

A

10 pairs of axomene

41
Q

True or false. Endosteum is thinner than periosteum

A

True

42
Q

In heavy cigarette smokers, the ciliated pseudo-stratified epithelium lining the bronchi can be transformed into ______

A

stratified squamous epithelium

43
Q

Types of covering epithelia

  1. Lining of trachea
  2. Lining of small intestine
  3. covering of the ovary
  4. Epidermis
  5. Lining of blood vessels
  6. Developing ovarian follicle
  7. Mouth
  8. Sweat gland
  9. Conjunctiva
  10. Lining of Gallbladder
  11. Bladder
  12. Lining of the passages of upper respiratory tract
A
  1. Pseudo stratified epitheliun
  2. Simple columnar
  3. Simple cuboidal
  4. Keratinized stratified squamous
  5. Simple squamous
  6. Stratified cuboidal
  7. Non keratinized strAtified squamous m
  8. Stratified cuboidal
  9. Stratified columnar
  10. Simple squamous
  11. Transitional
  12. Pseudo stratified columnar
44
Q

Primary bone: woven bone = secondary bone : _________

A

Lamellar bone

45
Q

this layer of connective tissue lines the internal cavity of organs

A

Lamina propia

48
Q

Neurotransmitter to stimulate the breakdown of fat

A

Norepinephrine ( beta 3 receptor)

49
Q 
Mast cells promote \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ type of allergic reaction.
A. Delayed 
B. Immediate
C. Severe 
D. Common
A

B

50
Q

True or false. All hyaline cartilage is covered by a layer of dense connective tissue

A

False, articulate joint is not

51
Q

True or False. Osteoclasts have receptor for parathyroid hormone

A

False. Osteoclasts have receptors for calcitonin, thyroid hormone.

Osteoblasts activity is stimulated by parathyroid hormone

52
Q

True or false. Fibrocartilage has more type I collagen than type II

A

True.

Elastin and hyaline more type II

54
Q 
Co factor in the formation of prolyl hydroxylases and Lysyl hydroxylases except 
A. Oxygen 
B. Vitamin C 
C. Ferrous ion
D. Manganese
A

D

55
Q

True or false. Chrondrocytes are usually found in the center while chondroblast are found it the periphery.

A

True

58
Q

Growth of cartilage postnatally, is mainly
A. Interstitial growth
B. Apositional growth
C. Both of them

A

B

59
Q

First visible step in calcification

A

Formation of hydroxyapatite

63
Q

Osteogenesis wherein the matrix of preexisting hyaline cartilage is eroded and replaced by osteoblasts producing osteoid

A

Endochondral ossification

65
Q

Sequence of intramembranous ossification
a. Groups of mesenchymal cells in a “membrane” or sheet of this embryonic tissue, round up and differentiate as osteoblasts producing osteoid.
B. Cells trapped in the calcifying matrix differentiate as osteocytes. c. Woven bone is produced in this manner, with vascularized internal spaces that will form the marrow cavity and surrounded on both sides by developing periosteum.
d. Remodeling of the woven bone produces the two layers of compact lamellar bone with cancellous bone in between, which is characteristic of these flat bones

A

A cd

66
Q

Joints classified as ________ permit free bone movement

A

diarthroses

67
Q

True or false. Insulin promote triglyceride breakdown

A

False.

68
Q

Ear is a ________ cartilage

A

Elastic

69
Q

Fibroblast : active cell = fibrocyte : _______

A

Quiescent cell

70
Q

True or false. Elastin fibers are thinner than collagen fibers.

A

True

71
Q 
Main cell type involved in repair 
A. Fibroblast
B. cartilage 
C. Bone 
D. Fat cells
A

A. Fibroblast

72
Q 
Where are dendritic cells located? 
A. Blood 
B. Lymph nodes 
C. Colon
D. Tissues
A

B

73
Q

True or false. Osteoblasts activity is inhibited by parathyroid hormone

A

False. Stimulated

74
Q

True or false. Reticular fibers are made up of collagen

A

True

75
Q

Most abundant protein in the body

A

Collagen

76
Q

True or false. Langerhans cells are examples of macrophage.

A

True

77
Q

Embryonic origin of connective tissues

A

Mesenchymal cells

78
Q

Principal cells of connective tissues

A

Fibroblast

79
Q

This cell has a cartwheel” or “spokewheel” appearance of nucleus

A

Plasma cell

80
Q

When collagen is denatured by boiling, it yields ______

A

Gelatin

81
Q

Collagen type ___ is seen in fetal membrane

A

V

82
Q

______ is a local swelling caused by abnormal amounts of collagen that form in scars of the skin

A

Keloid

83
Q

Optical microscopy of type ____ collagen shows thick, highly picrosirius, birefringent, non aygrophillic fibers

A

Type I
Type II - loose aggregates
Type 3 - thin, weakly birefringent, aygrophillic

85
Q 
In older adults, \_\_\_\_\_\_ unite the skull bones, while in children it is united by \_\_\_\_\_\_
A. Sutures, collagen 
B. Synostoses, dense collagen tissue 
C. Cartilage, joints 
D. Elastic fibers, reticular fiber
A

B

86
Q

unilocular adipocyte appears in standard microscope preparations as a thin ring of cytoplasm surrounding the empty vacuole left by the dissolved lipid droplet called

A

Signet ring cell

87
Q

In individuals with chronic vitamin A deficiency, epithelial tissues of the type found in the bronchi and urinary bladder are gradually replaced by ____________

A

stratified squamous epithelium

88
Q

Apical pole Specialization seen in the ff:

  1. Small intestine
  2. Epididymis
  3. Trachea
  4. Fallopian tube
  5. Spermatozoa
A
  1. Microvilli
  2. Stereo cilia
  3. Cilia
    4.
  4. Spermatozoa
98
Q 
The following can accelerate synthesis of sulfated GAG except 
A. Growth hormone 
B. Cortisone 
C. Throtoxin
D. Testosterone
A

B
Accelerate - growth hormone, testosterone, thyroxin
Retard - cortisone, hydrocortisone, estradiol

100
Q

Other name of Haversian system

A

Osteon

102
Q

Other name of perforating canal

A

Volkmann canal

103
Q

Most common cartilage

A

Hyaline

105
Q

complex of microvilli and glycocalyx is easily seen in the light microscope is called _______

A

Brush or striated border

108
Q 
Where does gap junctions occur? 
A. Basal pole 
B. apical pole
C. Lateral membranes 
D. Any of the above
A

C

110
Q

Integrins are receptor sites for the extracellular macromolecules laminin and ______.

A

Type IV collagen

113
Q

True or false. The number of these sealing strands or fusion sites is directly correlated with the leakiness of the epithelium

A

False. Inversely

120
Q

Major constituent of connective tissue

A

Extra cellular matrix

134
Q

Primary criterion for determining epithelial cell

A

Shape of the nucleus

MODULE 3 & 4 (HISTO) (1 decks)

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