Module 2 - 04-1 Flashcards
All about Linux
Define Linux
An open-source operating system
Explain Linux
Linux is open source, meaning anyone can have access to the operating system and the source code.
Linux and many of the programs that come with Linux are licensed under the terms of the GNU Public License, which allow you to use, share, and modify them freely.
Linux is used at different organizations.
More specifically, Linux is used in many security programs.
There are over 600 distributions of Linux.
You might find yourself working with specific distributions designed for a particular task.
Distributions are created to fit the needs of their users.
You might examine different types of logs to identify what’s going on in the system.
Another place where you will use Linux is to verify access and authorization in an identity and access management system.
In security, managing access is key in order to ensure a secure system.
How do security analysts use Linux? Select three answers.
- To examine different types of logs to identify what is going on in a system
- To develop new versions of the Linux kernel to increase security in a system
- To verify access and authorization in an identity and access management system
- To use digital forensic tools to investigate what happened following an event
- To examine different types of logs to identify what is going on in a system
- To verify access and authorization in an identity and access management system
- To use digital forensic tools to investigate what happened following an event
Security analysts use Linux to verify access and authorization in an identity and access management system. They also use Linux to examine logs and to investigate what happened following an event.
What are the components of Linux (6)?
- User
- Applications
- Shell
- Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
- Kernel
- Hardware
What is the first (1st) component of Linux?
User
Define and explain User
The person interacting with the computer.
In Linux, you’re the first element to the architecture of the operating system.
You’re initiating the tasks or commands that the OS is going to execute.
They initiate and manage computer tasks.
Linux is a multi-user system.
This means that more than one user can use the system’s resources at the same time.
What is the second (2nd) component of Linux?
Applications
Define and explain Application
A program that performs a specific task.
You might hear the word “applications” and “programs” used interchangeably.
Linux applications are commonly distributed through package managers.
In Linux, you’ll often use a package manager to install applications.
Nano is one popular Linux application.
Nano is a text editor.
This simple application helps you keep notes on the screen.
Define Package manager
A tool that helps users install, manage, and remove packages or applications
Define Package
A piece of software that can be combined with other packages to form an application
What is the third (3rd) component of Linux?
Shell
Define and explain Shell
A command line interpreter.
This is an important element because it is how you will communicate with the system.
It processes commands and outputs the results.
You can think of the shell as a CLI.
Everything entered into the shell is text based.
The shell allows users to give commands to the kernel and receive responses from it.
The shell translates the commands you enter so that the computer can perform the tasks you want.
What is the fourth (4th) component of Linux?
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
What does FHS stand for?
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
Define and explain Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
The component of the Linux OS that organizes data.
The FHS is how data is stored in a system.
It’s a way to organize data so that it can be found when the data is accessed by the system.
It specifies the location where data is stored in the operating system.
A directory is a file that organizes where other files are stored.
Directories are sometimes called “folders,” and they can contain files or other directories.
The FHS defines how directories, directory contents, and other storage is organized so the operating system knows where to find specific data.
Define Directory
A file that organizes where other files are stored
What are Directories are sometimes called?
Folders
What is the fifth (5th) component of Linux?
Kernel
Define and explain Kernel
A component of the Linux OS that manages processes and memory.
The kernel communicates with the hardware to execute the commands sent by the shell.
The Linux kernel is unique to the Linux OS and is critical for allocating resources in the system.
The kernel controls all major functions of the hardware.
The kernel uses drivers to enable applications to execute tasks.
The Linux kernel helps ensure that the system allocates resources more efficiently and makes the system work faster.
What is the sixth (6th) component of Linux?
Hardware
Define and explain Hardware
The physical components of a computer.
You can compare this to software applications which can be downloaded into a system.
The hardware in your computer are things like the CPU, mouse, and keyboard.
Hardware is categorized as either peripheral or internal.
What is the kernel’s role in the Linux operating system?
- It manages processes and memory.
- It organizes data.
- It helps users perform calculations.
- It processes commands and outputs the results.
It manages processes and memory.
The kernel is the component of the Linux OS that manages processes and memory.
Define and explain Peripheral devices
Hardware components that are attached and controlled by the computer system.
They are not core components needed to run the computer system.
Peripheral devices can be added or removed freely.
Examples of peripheral devices include monitors, printers, the keyboard, and the mouse.
Define and explain Internal hardware
The components required to run the computer.
Internal hardware includes a main circuit board and all components attached to it.
This main circuit board is also called the motherboard.
What is another name for the main circuit board
Motherboard
What does Internal hardware include (3)?
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Hard drive
What does CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Define and explain CPU
A computer’s main processor.
It is used to perform general computing tasks on a computer.
The CPU executes the instructions provided by programs, which enables these programs to run.
What does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Define and explain RAM
A hardware component used for short-term memory.
It’s where data is stored temporarily as you perform tasks on your computer.
Information in RAM cannot be accessed once the computer has been turned off.
The CPU takes the data from RAM to run programs.
Define and explain Hard drive
A hardware component used for long-term memory.
It’s where programs and files are stored for the computer to access later.
Information on the hard drive can be accessed even after a computer has been turned off and on again.
A computer can have multiple hard drives.
Explain the different components of the Linux operating system and how they interact when a user creates a file
- User
The user decides to create a new file. - Application
The user opens the application for communicating with the shell. - Shell
The user enters commands in the shell to indicate they want to create a new file. - Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
The shell creates the new file in the FHS. - Kernel
The contents and location of the new file are passed to the kernel. - Hardware
The kernel tells the hardware how and where to save this new file.
As a security analyst, you might use Linux to review logs when investigating an issue.
- True
- False
True
As a security analyst, you might use Linux to review logs when investigating an issue. Another reason you might use Linux is to verify access and authorization.
Which of the following are components of the Linux architecture? Select all that apply.
- Applications
- The kernel
- The operating system
- The shell
- Applications
- The kernel
- The shell
Components of the Linux architecture include applications, the shell, and the kernel. The user, the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), and hardware are also components of the Linux architecture.
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) is the component of Linux architecture that _____.
- organizes data
- manages processes and memory
- enables people to communicate with the system
- consists of the physical components of a computer
organizes data
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) is the component of the Linux OS that organizes data.
Which of the following hardware components are peripheral devices? Select all that apply.
- a printer
- a monitor
- a CPU
- RAM
- a printer
- a monitor
Monitors and printers are peripheral devices. Peripheral devices are hardware components that are attached and controlled by the computer system. The CPU and RAM are internal hardware. Internal hardware are the components required to run the computer.
