Module 1C Flashcards
electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun
Solar Radiation
rate at which solar radiation reaches the upper limits of earth atmosphere on a surface normal to the incident radiation and at earth’s mean distance from the sun
Solar Constant
Value of Solar Constant
1,374 W/m2
________ = “short” wavelengths (range 0.1 to 4.0 μm)
________ = “long” wavelengths (4.0 to 50 μm)
Solar Radiation ; Terrestrial Radiation
percent of the incoming solar radiation that is reflected from a surface
Albedo
affects the solar radiation received at any location and time
Sun-Earth Geometry
when the sun is farthest from the earth (occurs about July 4)
Aphelion
when the sun is nearest from the earth (occurs about January 3)
Perihelion
when the sun’s apparent path is displaced farthest north (Tropic of Cancer) or south (Tropic of Capricorn) from the earth’s equator.
Solstice
when the sun passes directly over the equator or when the sun’s apparent path and plane of the earth’s equator coincide.
Equinox
In Northern Hemisphere
________: on or about March 21
________: on or about September 22
Vernal Equinox ; Autumnal Equinox
occur because the tilt of the Earth’s axis keeps a constant as the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Seasons ; Summer in North& Winter in South
T or F: Weather becomes stormy when air pressure falls and becomes fair when air pressure rises
True
instrument used to measure pressure
Barometer
- amount of heat energy possessed by an object
- degree of hotness or coldness of an object
Temperature
amount of water vapor in the air.
Humidity
measures the amount of water in the air in relation to the maximum amount of water vapor (moisture).
Relative Humidity
Air would rise near the equator and travel in the upper atmosphere toward the poles, then cool, descend into the lower atmosphere, and return toward the equator.
Hadley Circulation
produces the changes in wind direction and velocity towards the equator
Coriolis Effect
7 Climatic Controls
- Topography and location
- Trade winds
- Tropical cyclones
- Easterly waves
- Monsoon winds
- Fronts
- Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)
a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together.
ITCZ
general term for a weather system in which winds rotate inwardly to an area of low atmospheric pressure.
Cyclone
5 Tropical Cyclone Classifications
- Tropical Depression - 61
- Tropical Storm - 62-88
- Severe Tropical Storm - 89-117
- Typhoon - 118-220
- Super Typhoon - 220
5 PAGASA’s Storm Warning System
Signal 1 - 30-60
Signal 2 - 61-120
Signal 3 - 121-170
Signal 4 - 171-220
Signal 5 - 220
area of heaviest and strongest wind speeds
Eye Wall
area where the wind and rain are lightest
Eye
3 Thunderstorm Warning System
- Information - small chances of thunderstorm development
- Watch - thunderstorm is likely to form within the next 12 hrs
- Warning - thunderstorm is threatening a specific area within the next 2 hrs
3 Heavy Rainfall Warning System
- Yellow - flooding
- Orange - flooding and landslides
- Red - flooding, roads are not passable, and landslides
- North Atlantic Ocean, central North Pacific Ocean, and eastern North Pacific Ocean =
- Northwest Pacific Ocean =
- South Pacific and Indian Ocean =
Hurricane ; Typhoon ; Tropical Cyclone
4 Types of Front
- Cold Front
- Warm Front
- Occluded Front
- Stationary Front
- Summer Monsoon
- Hot and Moist wind from Indian
Ocean which may strengthen tropical cyclone - Brings rain over the western seaboard
- May to September
Habagat or Southwest Monsoon
- Winter monsoon
- Dry and cold wind from Siberia which may weaken tropical cyclones
- Brings rain over the eastern seaboard
- October to March
Amihan or Northeast Monsoon
- a westward-moving, wavelike disturbance of low atmospheric pressure embedded in tropical easterly winds.
- affects the country from April to May
Easterly Waves
