Module 17: Operant Conditioning Flashcards

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1
Q

operant conditioning

A

a type of learning in which the frequency of the behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behavior

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2
Q

Edward Thorndike

A

author of the law of effect, which forms the basis of operant conditioning

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3
Q

law of effect

A

behaviors with favorable consequences will occur more frequently and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences will occur less frequently

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4
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

American psychologist who developed the fundamental principles and techniques of operant conditioning

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5
Q

reinforcement

A

any consequence that increases the future likelihood of a behavior

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6
Q

punishment

A

any consequence that decreases the future likelihood of a behavior

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7
Q

positive reinforcement

A

anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it with a desirable event or state

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8
Q

negative reinforcement

A

anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it with the removal of an undesirable event or state

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9
Q

primary reinforcement

A

something that is naturally reinforcing, such as food, warmth, and water

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10
Q

secondary reinforcement

A

something you have learned is rewarding because it has been paired with a primary reinforcer

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11
Q

shaping

A

reinforcement of behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired one; the operant technique used to establish new behaviors

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12
Q

discrimination

A

the ability to distinguish among similar signals or stimuli

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13
Q

extinction

A

the loss of a learned response when a consequence no longer follows it

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14
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

a reward follows every correct reponse

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15
Q

partial reinforcement schedule

A

a reward only follows some correct responses

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16
Q

fixed-interval schedule

A

rewards only the first correct response after some defined period

17
Q

variable interval schedule

A

rewards the first correct response after an unpredictable amount of time

18
Q

fixed-ratio schedule

A

rewards a response only after some defined number of correct responses

19
Q

variable ratio schedule

A

rewards after an unpredictable number of correct responses

20
Q

latent learning

A

learning that occurs but is not apparent until the learner has an incentive to demonstrate it

21
Q

cognitive map

A

the mental representation of a place

22
Q

overjustification effect

A

promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do; the reward may lessen and replace the person’s original natural motivation so that the behavior stops if the reward is eliminated