Module 15

Question 1

Complete replacement Model (out of Africa model).

Answer 1

1. Modern humans first arose in Africa, migrated out into Old World, and replaced all existing populations of H. Erectus, H. Heidelbergensis, and H. Neanderthalensis.
2. H. Sapiens arise in Africa, nowhere else, completely replace all hominids, unable to interbreed with other hominid populations.

Question 2

Regional Continuity Model (Concurrent Multiregional Evolution).

Answer 2

1. Some of the local populations of hominids in Europe, Asia, and Africa evolved into anatomically modern H. Sapiens, and were not replaced by H. Sapiens coming out of Africa (also known as concurrent multiregional evolution).
2. H. Erectus, Heidelbergensis, and Neandertalensis populations each regionally evolve into anatomically modern homosapiens.
3. All humans are genetically similar due to continuous flow.
4. All humans are genetically similar due to all modern humans arising out of one species from Africa.

Question 3

Archaic Homo Sapiens(160 - 30 thousand years ago).

Answer 3

1. Large arching brow ridges.
2. Brain Size 1450 cc
3. No prognathism like found in Neandertalsls.
4. No chin.
5. Cranial bones a little more robust than modern humans.
6. Large occipital bun.
7. Large and long cranial vault.
8. Higher forehead (but still somewhat smaller than modern humans).
9. Smaller nasal cavity than Neandertals.

Question 4

H. Floresiensis

Answer 4

1. brain size 380 cc
2. barely stood 3 ft tall at full adult maturity.
3. Dated to 18 thousand years ago.

Question 5

Modern Homo Sapiens (Upper paleolithic Culture),

40 - 17 thousand years ago.

Answer 5

1. Large brain 1300 - 1400 cc
2. High vertical forehead
3. Very flat face
4. Jutting chin.
5. Rounded braincase.
6. No brow ridges.

Question 6

Upper Paleolithic Stone Tools

Answer 6

Highly specialized tools for any and all activities.

1. Multiple kinds of sophisticated hunting weapons, vary according to type & size of prey.
2. Spear-thrower or Atlatl: A tool used to help the effective distance and force of throwing spears that extend the arm artificially and provide more force through extra length and assistance in throwing. It also greatly increased the accuracy of spear throwing from 10-20 feet to 100 feet if one was very skilled.

Question 7

Upper Paleolithic Cave Paintings

Answer 7

1. Predominantly animal and hunting themes.

2. Some evidence of symbolic thought.

Question 8

Portable Art

Answer 8

1. Art such as figurines comes into play.

2. Atlatl fragment that utilizes a bison to make it look cool.