Module 14 Lessons 1-4 Flashcards
Rifts
long deep valleys forms by the movement of earths crust
sub - Saharan Africa
Africa south of the Sahara Desert
Name 4 rivers in Africa
Congo, Niger, Nile (Biggest), Zambezi,
Mountain Ranges
Atlas(N), Ahaggar(middle)
Deserts
Sahara (biggest), Libyan, Kalahari
What is The Niger River a source of?
water, food & transportation
What is the Sahel
Strip of land that devides the dry from the wet land
What are 4 different Climate regions?
Desert, Sahel, Savannah, Rain Forest
W. Africas Resources
Mineral Resources
dates, Kola Nuts
Salt (North dried up water) &
Gold (Southern Forrest)
What is the Kinship System?
Social organization based on families
What are Extended Families?
mom, dad, Aunts, uncles, and grandparents
Who would an African be Loyal to?
Chiefs , age-sets, elders
Animism
believe any living thing has a spirit
Around 500 BC Africa discovered what to change their lives forever?
IRON
What did Africans and the NOK make out of IRON?
hoes & farming tools
arrows & spears for hunting
what was Animism important to Africans
they depended on Natural Resources for survival
How did the Rulers of Ghana build an Empire?
by controlling the salt and gold trades
How did Ghana grow larger populations?
they settled on Desert trade routes
What was Ghanas Decline caused by?
Invaders (Almoravids), Overgrazing, & loss of trade
Almoravids
A Muslum group that Invaded Ghana
Which direction did trade go?
E to W and W to E
What helped Africans cross the desert easier?
Camel
- cross Sahara in 2 months
What are the groups of people that banned together to grow strength?
Soninke (page 481)
Silent barter system
boats along riverbanks beat a drum and leave that apropriate amount of salt/gold
Largest city in west Africa
Koumbi Saleh
Why did Ghana start to charge people trying to trade?
So many people were coming in to trade and they wanted to make money.
What did Ghana do with the Tax money they made?
To support their growing army.
What are the forms of income in Ghana?
Taxes, tribute, and gold
Who was Tunka Manin?
- Helped Ghana reach its peak
- Was the nephew of the Previous king
What three things let to Gahanas decline?
Invasion, Overgrazing, Internal Rebellion
What were the three empires of West Africa?
Ghana, Mali, Songhai
Who was Sundiata?
- made Mali into an empire
- near Niger River = helped control trade
(salt and Gold) - he improved farm lands
- introduced cotton
Mali’s most famous Muslim Ruler?
Mansa Musa
What cities did Mansa Musa Capture?
Timbuktu, Gao, and Djenne
Why did Sundiata take o the title MANSAS?
to protect his authority and keep order
What did Mansa Musa do?
- spread Islam thru W. Africa
- his army captured many cities for trade
- gave away so much gold that it lost value
- thru his journey told people about Mali
Where was the first stop Mansa Musa went on his Hajj?
Cairo, Egypt
What did Mansa Musa do at Cairo Egypt?
He gave away so much gold it became less valuable.
Which city in Mali became famous for its scholars?
Timbuktu
Why did Mansa Musa stress the Qur’an and its purpose?
He wanted his people to be able to read and write about the Qur’an.
How did Mansa Musa incourage spread of Islam in West Africa?
He hired architects to build mosques.
Who took over after Mansa Musa died?
His son, Maghan.
-poor leader
-
What were reasons Mali’s empire declined?
-It was too big, people started to break off
-Invaders came, Tuareg
- Weak leadership
Who was the rival empire for Mali?
Songhai
Who was Sunni Ali?
- One of the great Songhai rulers
- Slowly took over Mali
- Brought peace and stability to Songhai
Who was Askia the Great?
- Lead the rebellion against Sunni Baru
- Real name is Muhammad Ture
What does Askia mean?
High military rank
Gahana famous ruler
Mali’s Famous ruler
Songhai’s famous ruler
Tunka Manin
Mansa Musa
Sunni Ali
How Did Morocco Win Over Songhai?
Guns and Cannons Vs. Swords and Spears
Oral History
Records of past events
Griots
-Highly repected
-Tells stories about history=kept history alive
Proverbs
-What Griots recite
-Short sayings of wisdom or truth
What was the difference between oral history and written history?
Oral history was spoken and could of been told different each time, but written history is always the same.
What is a Kente?
A hand woven brightly colored fabric.
Name a famous African writer
Ibn Battutah
Two forms of visual African art?
Mask and clothing, sculptures, music and dance.
