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Biology > Module 13 > Flashcards

Module 13 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone

A

vertebrae

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2
Q

A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature’s body, providing the majority of its support

A

notochord

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3
Q

A skeleton on the inside of a creature’s body, typically composed of bone or cartilage

A

endoskeleton

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4
Q

A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells

A

bone marrow

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5
Q

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk

A

Axial skeleton

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6
Q

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it

A

Appendicular skeleton

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7
Q

A circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels

A

closed circulatory system

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8
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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9
Q

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body

A

capillaries

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10
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

A

veins

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11
Q

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose

A

olfactory lobes

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12
Q

The lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature’s response to that information

A

cerebrum

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13
Q

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes

A

optic lobes

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14
Q

The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement

A

cerebellum

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15
Q

The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord

A

medulla oblongata

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16
Q

The process by which the male places sperm inside the female’s body, where the eggs are fertilized

A

internal fertilization

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17
Q

The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female

A

external fertilization

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18
Q

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female’s body

A

oviparous development

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19
Q

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female’s body

A

ovoviparous development

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20
Q

Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta

A

viviparous development

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21
Q

A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce

A

anadromous

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22
Q

A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat

A

bile

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23
Q

A heart chamber that receives blood

A

atrium

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24
Q

A heart chamber from which blood is pumped out

A

ventricle

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25
Q

Lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat

A

ectothermic

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26
Q

A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures

A

hibernation

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27
Q

Classify a frog

A

Class Amphibia

28
Q

Classify a shark

A

Class Chondricthyes

29
Q

Classify a lancelet

A

Subphylum Cephalochordata

30
Q

Classify a carp

A

Class Osteichthyes

31
Q

Classify a sea squirt

A

Subphylum Urochordata

32
Q

Classify a lamprey eel

A

Class Agnatha

33
Q

What do sea squirts, lampreys, and amphibians have in common?

A

They all go through metamorphosis from larva to adult

34
Q

What is the difference between cartilage and bone?

A

Cartilage is more flexible and weaker than bone

35
Q

You see a blood vessel from a creature. You have no idea what creature and you have no idea where it came from. You do notice, however, that the blood vessel wall is very thin. What kind of blood vessel is this?

A

a capillary

36
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Carry oxygen to the blood

37
Q

What protein gives red blood cells their color?

A

hemoglobin

38
Q

Frogs and toads are quite uncoordinated. They move their muscles in a very jerky manner. Which brain lobe is small in amphibians?

A

their cerebellum

39
Q

An owl has very sensitive vision. Which brain lobes are larger in the owl compared to the “average” vertebrate?

A

their optic lobes

40
Q

A creature reproduces when the female receives sperm from the male and then lays an egg which hatches. In fertilization internal or external? What kind of development is this?

A

Internal fertilization; oviparous development

41
Q

Which has the most inflexible skeleton: a ray, a lamprey, or a salmon?

A

a salmon

42
Q

What do Atlantic salmon and many lampreys have in common?

A

They are both anadromous

43
Q

What is the shark’s most sensitive means of finding prey?

A

its electric field sensor

44
Q

What function does the lateral line perform in the sharks and bony fish?

A

It senses vibrations in the water

45
Q

What function do the dorsal fins perform in both sharks and bony fish? What function does the anterior dorsal fin play only in bony fish?

A

balance in the water; used as a defensive weapon

46
Q

What is the major difference between the tail of a ray and the tail of a skate?

A

rays have thin, whiplike tails and skates have thicker, fleshy tails

47
Q

What does the esophagus do?

A

sends food to stomach

48
Q

What does the brain do?

A

controls nervous system

49
Q

What does the spinal cord do?

A

sends messages from brain to other parts of the body and vice versa

50
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

stores and breaks down food

51
Q

What does the air bladder do?

A

allows fish to change depths and float in water

52
Q

What does the kidney do?

A

cleans blood of waste products

53
Q

What does the gonad do?

A

reproduction

54
Q

What does the anus do?

A

expelling of undigested food

55
Q

What does the intestine do?

A

digests food

56
Q

What does the pyloric ceca do?

A

secretes digestive enzymes and chemicals that break down food in stomach

57
Q

What does the gall bladder do?

A

concentrates bile

58
Q

What does the liver do?

A

makes bile for the digestion of fats and does many other chemical tasks

59
Q

What does the heart do?

A

pumps blood

60
Q

What do the gills do?

A

exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the water and the blood

61
Q

List the four arteries

A

efferent and afferent brachial arteries, dorsal and ventral aorta

62
Q

List the two veins

A

anterior and posterior cardial vein

63
Q

List the 4 organs that are neither arteries nor veins

A

atrium, venticle, gills, kidney

64
Q

List the six common characteristics of amphibians

A

endoskeleton made of bone

smooth skin with many capillaries and pigments

two pairs of limbs with webbed feet

have up to four organs for respiration

three chambered heart

oviparous with external fertilization

65
Q

What is the difference between a toad and a frog?

A

Frogs have smooth, wet skin and live near water. Toads have dry, warty skin and need not live near water

66
Q

For most amphibians, what is the major respiratory organ?

A

their skin

Biology (1 decks)

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