Module 13

Question 1

Segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone

Answer 1

vertebrae

Question 2

A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature’s body, providing the majority of its support

Answer 2

notochord

Question 3

A skeleton on the inside of a creature’s body, typically composed of bone or cartilage

Answer 3

endoskeleton

Question 4

A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells

Answer 4

bone marrow

Question 5

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk

Answer 5

Axial skeleton

Question 6

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it

Answer 6

Appendicular skeleton

Question 7

A circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels

Answer 7

closed circulatory system

Question 8

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Answer 8

arteries

Question 9

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body

Answer 9

capillaries

Question 10

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Answer 10

veins

Question 11

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose

Answer 11

olfactory lobes

Question 12

The lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature’s response to that information

Answer 12

cerebrum

Question 13

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes

Answer 13

optic lobes

Question 14

The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement

Answer 14

cerebellum

Question 15

The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord

Answer 15

medulla oblongata

Question 16

The process by which the male places sperm inside the female’s body, where the eggs are fertilized

Answer 16

internal fertilization

Question 17

The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female

Answer 17

external fertilization

Question 18

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female’s body

Answer 18

oviparous development

Question 19

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female’s body

Answer 19

ovoviparous development

Question 20

Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta

Answer 20

viviparous development

Question 21

A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce

Answer 21

anadromous

Question 22

A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat

Answer 22

bile

Question 23

A heart chamber that receives blood

Answer 23

atrium

Question 24

A heart chamber from which blood is pumped out

Answer 24

ventricle

Question 25

Lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat

Answer 25

ectothermic

Question 26

A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures

Answer 26

hibernation

Question 27

Classify a frog

Answer 27

Class Amphibia

Question 28

Classify a shark

Answer 28

Class Chondricthyes

Question 29

Classify a lancelet

Answer 29

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Question 30

Classify a carp

Answer 30

Class Osteichthyes

Question 31

Classify a sea squirt

Answer 31

Subphylum Urochordata

Question 32

Classify a lamprey eel

Answer 32

Class Agnatha

Question 33

What do sea squirts, lampreys, and amphibians have in common?

Answer 33

They all go through metamorphosis from larva to adult

Question 34

What is the difference between cartilage and bone?

Answer 34

Cartilage is more flexible and weaker than bone

Question 35

You see a blood vessel from a creature. You have no idea what creature and you have no idea where it came from. You do notice, however, that the blood vessel wall is very thin. What kind of blood vessel is this?

Answer 35

a capillary

Question 36

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 36

Carry oxygen to the blood

Question 37

What protein gives red blood cells their color?

Answer 37

hemoglobin

Question 38

Frogs and toads are quite uncoordinated. They move their muscles in a very jerky manner. Which brain lobe is small in amphibians?

Answer 38

their cerebellum

Question 39

An owl has very sensitive vision. Which brain lobes are larger in the owl compared to the “average” vertebrate?

Answer 39

their optic lobes

Question 40

A creature reproduces when the female receives sperm from the male and then lays an egg which hatches. In fertilization internal or external? What kind of development is this?

Answer 40

Internal fertilization; oviparous development

Question 41

Which has the most inflexible skeleton: a ray, a lamprey, or a salmon?

Answer 41

a salmon

Question 42

What do Atlantic salmon and many lampreys have in common?

Answer 42

They are both anadromous

Question 43

What is the shark’s most sensitive means of finding prey?

Answer 43

its electric field sensor

Question 44

What function does the lateral line perform in the sharks and bony fish?

Answer 44

It senses vibrations in the water

Question 45

What function do the dorsal fins perform in both sharks and bony fish? What function does the anterior dorsal fin play only in bony fish?

Answer 45

balance in the water; used as a defensive weapon

Question 46

What is the major difference between the tail of a ray and the tail of a skate?

Answer 46

rays have thin, whiplike tails and skates have thicker, fleshy tails

Question 47

What does the esophagus do?

Answer 47

sends food to stomach

Question 48

What does the brain do?

Answer 48

controls nervous system

Question 49

What does the spinal cord do?

Answer 49

sends messages from brain to other parts of the body and vice versa

Question 50

What does the stomach do?

Answer 50

stores and breaks down food

Question 51

What does the air bladder do?

Answer 51

allows fish to change depths and float in water

Question 52

What does the kidney do?

Answer 52

cleans blood of waste products

Question 53

What does the gonad do?

Answer 53

reproduction

Question 54

What does the anus do?

Answer 54

expelling of undigested food

Question 55

What does the intestine do?

Answer 55

digests food

Question 56

What does the pyloric ceca do?

Answer 56

secretes digestive enzymes and chemicals that break down food in stomach

Question 57

What does the gall bladder do?

Answer 57

concentrates bile

Question 58

What does the liver do?

Answer 58

makes bile for the digestion of fats and does many other chemical tasks

Question 59

What does the heart do?

Answer 59

pumps blood

Question 60

What do the gills do?

Answer 60

exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the water and the blood

Question 61

List the four arteries

Answer 61

efferent and afferent brachial arteries, dorsal and ventral aorta

Question 62

List the two veins

Answer 62

anterior and posterior cardial vein

Question 63

List the 4 organs that are neither arteries nor veins

Answer 63

atrium, venticle, gills, kidney

Question 64

List the six common characteristics of amphibians

Answer 64

endoskeleton made of bone smooth skin with many capillaries and pigments two pairs of limbs with webbed feet have up to four organs for respiration three chambered heart oviparous with external fertilization

Question 65

What is the difference between a toad and a frog?

Answer 65

Frogs have smooth, wet skin and live near water. Toads have dry, warty skin and need not live near water

Question 66

For most amphibians, what is the major respiratory organ?

Answer 66

their skin