MODULE 13

Question 1

Q: How do you record a purchase of merchandise for cash in the perpetual inventory system?

Answer 1

🔹 A:
Journal Entry:

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Merchandise Inventory 25,000
Cash 25,000
(To record purchase of merchandise for cash)

Question 2

Q: How do you record a purchase of merchandise on account in the perpetual inventory system?

Answer 2

🔹 A:
Journal Entry:

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Merchandise Inventory 25,000
Accounts Payable 25,000
(To record purchase of merchandise on account)
📌 Note: The perpetual inventory system records purchases directly in the Merchandise Inventory account instead of a temporary “Purchases” account.

Question 3

Q: What is the journal entry to record a return of purchased merchandise in the perpetual inventory system?

Answer 3

🔹 A:
Journal Entry:

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Accounts Payable (or Cash) 760
Merchandise Inventory 760
(To record return or allowance on unsatisfactory merchandise)
📌 Note: A return reduces the liability (if bought on credit) or refunds cash (if paid in cash), and decreases Merchandise Inventory.

Question 4

Q: A company bought merchandise on September 20 for P4,000 with terms 2/10, n/60. What is the journal entry?

Answer 4

🔹 A:
Journal Entry:

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Merchandise Inventory 4,000
Accounts Payable 4,000
(To record purchase on credit; terms 2/10, n/60)
📌 Note: “2/10, n/60” means a 2% discount if paid within 10 days; otherwise, the full amount is due in 60 days.

Question 5

Q: If the company returned P1,000 worth of merchandise to the supplier, what is the journal entry?

Answer 5

🔹 A:
Journal Entry:

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Accounts Payable 1,000
Merchandise Inventory 1,000
(To record return of unsatisfactory merchandise)

Question 6

🔹 Q: If the company pays within the discount period (September 30), what is the journal entry?

Answer 6

🔹 A:

Amount due after return = P4,000 - P1,000 = P3,000
Discount (2% of P3,000) = P60
Amount paid = P2,940
Journal Entry:

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Accounts Payable 3,000
Merchandise Inventory 60
Cash 2,940
(To record payment with 2% discount)
📌 Note: The discount reduces Merchandise Inventory instead of recording a separate “Purchases Discount” account.

Question 7

Q: If the company pays after the discount period (October 5), what is the journal entry?

Answer 7

🔹 A:
Journal Entry:

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Accounts Payable 3,000
Cash 3,000
(To record payment without discount)

Question 8

Q: How do you record freight charges when the buyer pays the transportation cost for purchased goods?

Answer 8

🔹 A:
Journal Entry:

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Merchandise Inventory 500
Cash 500
(To record payment of freight for merchandise purchased)
📌 Note: Freight cost is added to Merchandise Inventory instead of recording it separately as “Freight-In.”

Question 9

Q: How does the perpetual inventory system record purchases differently from the periodic inventory system?

Answer 9

🔹 A:

Perpetual: Uses Merchandise Inventory for purchases.
Periodic: Uses a temporary Purchases account instead of updating inventory directly.

Question 10

Q: A company purchases merchandise on account for P6,000 with terms 2/10, n/30. How is it recorded under both systems?

Answer 10

🔹 A:
✅ Perpetual Inventory System:

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Merchandise Inventory 6,000
Accounts Payable 6,000
✅ Periodic Inventory System:

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Purchases 6,000
Accounts Payable 6,000
📌 Key Difference: The perpetual system updates inventory immediately, while the periodic system records purchases separately.

Question 11

Q: A company pays P200 for freight on the purchase. How is it recorded in both systems?

Answer 11

🔹 A:
✅ Perpetual Inventory System:

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Merchandise Inventory 200
Cash 200
✅ Periodic Inventory System:

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Freight-In 200
Cash 200
📌 Key Difference: The perpetual system adds freight costs to Merchandise Inventory, while the periodic system records it separately.

Question 12

Q: A company returns P300 worth of purchased merchandise. How is it recorded in both systems?

Answer 12

🔹 A:
✅ Perpetual Inventory System:

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Accounts Payable 300
Merchandise Inventory 300
✅ Periodic Inventory System:

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Accounts Payable 300
Purchases Returns & Allowances 300
📌 Key Difference: The perpetual system directly reduces Merchandise Inventory, while the periodic system uses a separate Purchases Returns & Allowances account.

Question 13

Q: A company pays for merchandise within the discount period. How is it recorded in both systems?

Answer 13

🔹 A:
✅ Perpetual Inventory System:

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Accounts Payable 5,700
Merchandise Inventory 114
Cash 5,586
✅ Periodic Inventory System:

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Accounts Payable 5,700
Purchases Discounts 114
Cash 5,586
📌 Key Difference: The perpetual system reduces Merchandise Inventory, while the periodic system records the discount separately.