Module 13 Flashcards
Myoglobin and hemoglobin have the same
heme structure
What is a protein that stores and transports oxygen in muscles (i.e., heart and skeletal)?
myoglobin (Mb)
Cellular respiration
Energy production that occurs in the mitochondria
Myoglobin provides oxygen for what?
metabolic processes to convert/ produce energy
Functions of Myoglobin other than the primary function?
- provides oxygen for metabolic processes to convert / produce energy
- binds/ releases oxygen based on cellular oxygen concentrations (desaturates upon muscle activation and increases diffusion from capillaries to the cytoplasm)
3.used in the conversion of NO to nitrate to enhance cellular respiration
4.intercepts reactive oxygen species that produce unwanted metabolic products
what are the two primary functions of hemoglobin?
- Transports oxygen from the lungs to tissue
- Transports carbon dioxide from tissue to lungs
Does the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissue happen in arterial or venous circulation ?
Arterial circulation
high affinity for oxygen
low affinity for carbon dioxide, phosphates, hydrogen and chloride ions
Does the transport of carbon dioxide from tissue to lungs happen in arterial or venous circulation?
Venous circulation
High affinity for carbon dioxide, phosphates, hydrogen, and chloride ions
Low affinity for oxygen
Why does carbon want 4 bonds?
Hybridization-
forms sigma and pi bonds
1 S 3 2P will hybridize that contains Sp3 and explains why carbon wants 4 bonds
S orbitals like to form
Sigma bonds/ primary bond found in single bonds
P orbitals like to form
Pi bonds found in multiple bonds
Iron
Either Fe2+ or Fe3+
Ligands”________”(_______) to metal ion to stabilize charge and help solubilize.
“Bind” (coordinate)
Ligands are defined as
Electron- rich species (non metal or polyatomic ions)
How many coordination sites does a ligand contain?
Contains 6 coordination sites (based on hybridization of the metal center)
Ligands form stable ______ complexes
octahedral
What group is iron in?
Group 8
Electron configuration for Fe2+?
[Ar] 4s0 3d6
Electron configuration for Fe?
[Ar] 4s2 3d6
Iron is just _______ electron density from ligands.
accepting
Porphyrins are series of Hetero-cyclic macrocycles (tied together, > 10 atoms) composed of how many modified pyrrole subunits? connected by what?
4- connected by carbon bridges
Porphyrins are
highly conjugated aromatic compounds
Where are porphyrins found?
Mammals, plants, bacteria
Chrorophyl is a plant version of
our Heme- different metal/ purpose
Porphyrin has how many pi electrons?
22
Chlorin has how many pi electrons?
20
Bacteriochlorin has how many pi electrons?
18
isobacteriochlorin has how many pi electrons?
18
Heme complexes are fairly ________ on their own.
insoluble
Protoporphyrin IX starts with what
starts with Glycine and succinyl-coa
What does Apoprotein do?
It allows heme to become water soluble
When does the protoporphyrin IX become a hemecomplex?
when Iron coordinates with protoporphyrin itself
what are a few characteristics of Heme on its own?
hydrophobic
toxic
non functional
what is an unbound protein that is inactive/ on its own and does not do anything?
Apoprotein
result of heme binding with apoprotein?
hemoglobin
myoglobin
cytochromes
Biofunctionality!!!
heme complex needs to be within a close enough_______ to bind with protein.
distance
What is the 6th thing that binds to the heme complex?
The oxygen or ligand that it is carrying around the body
Myoglobin is a _______ heme protein
monomeric
tertiary structure
Hemoglobin is a _______ heme protein
4 tetrahene
Quaternary structure
with 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits
Fetal hemoglobin is different how?
2 alpha and 2 gamma subunits
higher affinity for oxygen
How long is fetal hemoglobin produced by the body?
up until 6 months of age
Deoxyhemoglobin has a ______ peak around ______ peak wavelength.
single, 560 nm
Oxyhemoglobin has _____ peak with around ____ and _____ peak wavelengths.
double , 540 nm, 580 nm
