Module 1.2 - Organelles Flashcards
Is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell
Organelle
“Little Organs” in the cell
Organelle
They are embedded within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Organelle
Major Parts of the Cell
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Also known as plasma membrane, found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment
Cell membrane
A cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that is ____________
Semipermeable
It is a part of the cell that regulates the transport of materials in and out it.
Cell membrane
What are the properties of the interior and exterior of the phospholipid bilayer
Hydrophilic Exterior
Hydrophobic Interior
The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of the cell
Cytoplasm
What is the composition of the cytoplasm?
Water, salts, and various organic matter
It is a part of the cell that suspends cell organelles
Cytoplasm
T or F.
Cytoplasm push against the plasma membrane to help the cell keep its shape.
True
T or F.
Cytoplasm provides a site for many of the biochemical reactions of the cell.
True
Cytosol vs. Cytoplasm
Cytosol is the major component of the Cytoplasm. It consists of irons, small molecures, and macro molecules.
A membrane-bound organelle that containes that cell’s chromosomes
Nucleus
Parts of the Nuclues
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleuplasm
Nucleolus
Also called nuclear envelope, composed of phospholipid bilayer with numerous pores.
Nuclear membrane
Located inside the nucleus, site of transcription and processing of the ribosomal gene
Nucleolus
Another term of neucleoplasm
Karyoplasm / necleus sap
Helps cushion and protect the nucleolus and chromosomes, and helps in maintaining the general shape of the nucleus
Nucleoplasm
2 different types of ERs
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
____________ is a plasma membrane found inside the cell that folds in on itself to create on internal space known as _____________
Endoplasmic reticulum,
lumen
The endoplasmic reticulum is found in the ____________
Nuclear envelope
A type of ER that makes lipids and steroids. It is also plays an important role in energy storage, membrane structure, and communication. Lastly, it is also responsible for detoxifying the cell.
Smooth ER
A type of ER that is involved in protein synthesis. Proteins made in this ER as destined to either be part of the cell membrane, or to be secreted from the cell membrane out of the cell.
Rough ER
It helps cells specialize and allows for greater complexity in the organism
Rough ER
A part of the cell that is responsible for packing proteins from the RER into membrane-bound vesicles then translocate to the cell membrane.
Golgi Apparatus
The cells recycling center
Lysosome
These organelles are spheres full of enzymes ready to hydrolize whatever substance crosses the membrane, so the cell can reuse the raw material
Lysosome
A spherical organelle responsible for destroying its contents
Peroxisome
_____________ is the site of fatty acid breakdown
Peroxisome
The cell’s power producer
Mitochondria
_____________ converts energy into forms that are usable by the cell and is the site for cellular respiration which ultimately generates fuel for the cell’s activities.
Mitochondria
Network of protein fibers; responsible for cell movement stability
Cytoskeleton
A component of a cytoskeleton that is involved in cell movement and provide pathways for secretory vesicles and involved in cell division
Microtubules
A component of a cytoskeleton that help provide structure to the nuclear envelope and anchor organelles
Intermediate Filaments
A component of a cytoskeleton that give shape to the cell and support all its internal parts
Microfilaments
These are molecular machines resposible for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Made out of RNA and proteins, each _______________ consists of two separate RNA-protein complexes
Ribosome
A cylinder of nine triplets of microtubules, held together by supporting proteins
Centriole
Structures that act as microtubule organizing centers in animal cells
Centrosome
