module 12

Question 1

Cerebral palsy

Answer 1

Get a detailed gestational and perinatal events
Decreased oxygenation to the brain → it is not a progressive disease
Can happen in utero or after birth
Muscle tone increased due to spasticity
Primitive reflexes may persist beyond the normal healthy infant
Provide stability, maximize activity, assess skin integrity with orthotics/splinting/casting
Pain management may also be necessary
Issues with chewing or swallowing, poor motor control of mouth
Proper positioning
Lifelong physical and cognitive disabilities
Provide educational programs

Question 2

muscular dystrophy

Answer 2

X linked trait → more common in boys
Progressive muscle weakness and wasting of the skeletal muscles → may be dismissed as clumsy
Use corticosteroids to slow progression but assess for side effects (weight gain, osteoporosis, and mood changes)
Ability to rise from the floor (Gower’s sign)
Assess gait, assess respiratory effort
Mental intelligence is unaffected, feeling themselves wasting away is a cause for depression

Question 3

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Answer 3

Chronic autoimmune disease
Can be diagnosed at any age
Very stiff in the morning
NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and antirheumatic drugs
Will have a fever with a flare up
Swimming maintains joint mobility while not having pressure
Encourage warm baths and warm compresses

Question 4

hernia

Answer 4

Inguinal and umbilical hernias are defects during fetal development, causing a sac to protrude through the abdominal cavity
Inguinal hernias will not correct on their own and will need surgical revision
Umbilical hernias are more likely to occur in preemies, but rarely need surgical revision after three years

Question 5

Hypospadias

Answer 5

Urethral opening is located somewhere it shouldn’t be
Cannot be circumcised
Wil be corrected around 6-12 months
May lead to infertility or erectile dysfunction
Palpate for testicles in scrotal sac
Penis should be in an upright position post op
Double diapering to keep stool from surgical site
Roughhousing, ride on toys that involve straddling are not allowed for 4 weeks

Question 6

Cryptorchidism

Answer 6

Undescended testicle that stays up in the abdomen
Surgery if it hasn’t descended on it’s own by 6-12 months
Testes are not supposed to be kept at 98.6 degrees so it could cause infertility

Question 7

Hydrocele

Answer 7

Fluid in the scrotal sac
Testicular torsion is a medical emergency