Module 12

Question 1

Laws of Inheritance

Answer 1

how traits are transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 2

Who discovered the Laws of Inheritance?

Answer 2

Gregor Mendel

Question 3

What pea plant traits did Mendel study?

Answer 3

Seed color, seed shape, seed coat color, pod color, pod shape, plant height, flower position

Question 4

What is self pollination?

Answer 4

Sometimes called selfing, is when plants can fertilize their own eggs

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

an inherited factor that determines some trait

Question 6

Alleles

Answer 6

different forms of genes

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

the combinations of alleles of all the various genes

Question 8

Loci

Answer 8

specific locations along the strands of your DNA

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

alleles that are identical in form

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

when two alleles are not identical

Question 11

Autosomal dominant

Answer 11

genes located on non-sex chromosomes

Question 12

Simple Inheritance

Answer 12

how one trait is transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 13

Monohybrid crosses

Answer 13

crosses of parent organisms that differ by only one trait

Question 14

Segregation

Answer 14

for genetics- separating the alleles of a gene that determine phenotype

Question 15

Haploid

Answer 15

carry one copy of the gene

Question 16

Diploid

Answer 16

have two copies of each gene

Question 17

Gametes

Answer 17

sex cells (pollen or eggs)

Question 18

The F1 generation born from two selfing plants with different alleles are always what?

Answer 18

Heterozygotes

Question 19

How many gametes does the F2 generation create?

Answer 19

two- half Y and half y

Question 20

How many different combinations of zygotes does segregation create when the F1 generation reproduces

Answer 20

four- YY, Yy, yY, yy

Question 21

What is the ratio of genotypes for the F1 offspring?

Answer 21

1:2:1 (1/4 homozygous dominant, 1/2 heterozygous, 1/4 homozygous recessive)

Question 22

What is the ratio of phenotypes for the F1 offspring?

Answer 22

3 to 1 (3 dominant phenotypes to one recessive phenotype)

Question 23

Law of independent assortment

Answer 23

the idea that traits behave independently of each other

Question 24

testcross

Answer 24

when any individual with an unknown genotype is crossed with a true-breeding individual to find out the unknown genotype

Question 25

Multiplication rule

Answer 25

used when the probabilities of events are independent of each other, so you multiply the probabilities if you want to know the likelihood of both occurring

Question 26

Addition rule

Answer 26

used when you want to know the probability of one event occurring as opposed to another

Question 27

If a true breeding green seed-producing plant is crossed to a heterozygous yellow seed-producing plant, what percent of offspring produces green seeds?

Answer 27

50%

Question 28

In the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross involving complete dominance, the expected phenotypic ratio among the progeny is _____ and the expected genotypic ratio among the progeny is _____.

Answer 28

3:1, 1:2:1

Question 29

In a dihybrid cross, what fraction of the F2 offspring are expected to have both the dominant phenotypes?

Answer 29

9/16

Question 30

In the F1 progeny of any one of Mendel’s crosses, a total of ____ phenotype(s) was/were observed and this number of phenotypes included ___ possible genotype(s)

Answer 30

1;1

Question 31

What term is synonymous (i.e. means the same thing) with the term “true breeding”? One word , spell it correctly, and don’t include any other words or punctuation.

Answer 31

Homozygous

Question 32

Consider Mendel’s cross between a purbreeding tall pea plant and a purebreeding dwarf pea plant. What is the probability that a F2 progeny of this cross will be tall?

Answer 32

75%

Question 33

Your friend has a regulation deck of 52 playing cards. What is the probability of selecting an ace on the first card and a king on the second card? Note: Assume the first card was NOT returned to the deck prior to selecting the second card.

Answer 33

4/52 x 4/51

Question 34

How many different types of gametes (with respect to alleleic content) will the following individual produce? AAbbCC

Answer 34

1