Module 11: Stress and Health Flashcards
Expressive Behavior
Yelling and gesturing
Bodily Arousal
Sweat, increased heart rate
Conscious Experience
Thoughts, labelling of emotions/experiences
Emotions
Full body, mind, and behavioral response towards a situation, labeling emotions is learned
Common Sense View
Perception of a emotion inducing stimuli to the feeling of the emotion to the physiological response
James-Lange View
Perception of a emotion inducing stimuli to a physiological response to the feeling of the emotion
Cannon-Bard View
Perception of a emotion inducing stimuli to the simultaneous (through different systems) feeling of the emotion and physiological response
Modern Biopsychological View
Accounts for responses and emotions that can impact a persons perception of the environment, the perception of an emotion inducing stimuli, the feeling of the emotion, and the physiological response all have effects on each other
Duchenne Smile
Considered to be a genuine smile, the zygomaticus major is around the mouth and controls smiling, the orbicular oculi is the muscle around the eyes that contract during a real smile
Ekner’s Primary Emotions
Sadness, happiness, anger, surprise, disgust, fear, and contempt, contempt is harder to recognize and express, facial expressions match emotion regardless of culture, all other emotions are combinations of the primary emotions, specific facial muscles correspond with the primary emotions
Duchenne
1806-1875, studied patients with CIP, used electrodes to map out facial muscles
Contagions
Stimuli released by one person that causes an involuntary response in another person, emotional expressions are considered visual contagions
Facial Feedback
Experiment where forced smiling caused increased happiness while viewing happy stimuli and decreased anger at anger stimuli, forced frowning caused a decrease in happiness at happy stimuli and increased anger at anger stimuli
Eustress
Pleasant, desirable, rewarding stress, associated with exercise, excitement, and positive experiences
Distress
Unpleasant, taxing stress, associated with illness, danger, negative experience
Chronic Stressors
Long lasting stressors, can be environmental or generally reoccurring
Acute Stressors
Hassles, small problems that accumulate into major stress, time pressures, financial concerns
General Adaption Syndrome
Hans Seyle, people dealing with major stress have common symptoms like fever and little appetite, three phases
Phase 1 of GAS
Alarm phase, sympathetic arousal, the body mobilizes resource to resist stress, increase in glucose, epinephrine, norepinephrine release, momentary inability to resist stressor
Phase 2 of GAS
Resistance phase, utilizes resources to increase resistance to stressor, this phase ends when the stressor is eliminated or the body is exhausted
Stage 3 of GAS
Exhaustion phase, the body has no more resources to resist a stressor, stress resistance falls below the baseline
Two Track System
HPA axis and sympathetic system are both active when a stressor is encountered, both systems feed into each other
HPA Axis
Hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone hormone (CRH) which activates the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), ACTH travels to the cortex of the adrenal gland which releases glucocorticoids
Cortisol
Primary stress hormone, can be easily measured in the saliva, directly proportional to stress levels, release follows its own circadian rhythm until disrupted by a stressor
Adrenal Medulla
Activated by neurons in the sympathetic system, releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal Cortex
ACTH activates this are to release glucocorticoids
Positive Effects of Stress
Caused by acute stress, includes a burst of energy, heightened memory function, burst of increased immunity, lower sensitivity to pain
Negative Effects of Stress
Caused by chronic stress, includes impaired cognitive performance, suppressed thyroid function, blood sugar imbalance, decrease in bone density, higher blood pressure, lowered immunity, increased abdominal fat
Amygdala Impact on Stress
Stress activates the amygdala causing an increase in norepinephrine and dopamine which activates the HPA axis, the amygdala also directly stimulates the hypothalamus and the striatum
Bottom Up Processing
Focusing on what is in front of us, prioritizing new information over prior knowledge/memories
Cell Mediated Immunity
Macrophages ingest microorganisms and display their proteins on its cell membranes, T cells with the appropriate receptor binds to the macrophage and once bound the T cell proliferates into cells that can kill infected cells
Antibody Mediated Immunity
Antigens are bound by B cells with a specific receptor, B cells proliferate and release antibodies for the antigen, antibodies then bind to other antigen particles and inhibit or eliminate the antigen
