Module 11 - Regulation of emotional states Flashcards
According to Gross, emotion regulation relates to which seven subfields of psychology?
- Personality
- Clinical
- Health
- Biological
- Cognitive
- Developmental
- Social
What is situation selection as emotional regulation?
Situation selection refers to approaching or avoiding certain places, people or objects in order to regulate emotions.
Example: walking a different route to avoid encountering a particular person (avoiding the person)
Seeking out a friend with whom to have a good cry (approaching that person).
What is situation modification as emotional regulation?
Situation modification is active efforts to directly modify the situation so as to alter its emotional impact.
Lazarus & Folkman call situation modification “problem-focused coping”.
Rothbaum et al. calls it “primary control”.
What is attentional deployment as an emotional regulation?
Attentional deployment is an attempt to regulate emotion by changing attentional focus.
Includes distraction, concentration and rumination.
Distraction focuses attention on nonemotional aspects of the situation.
Concentration is choosing a task to absorb cognitive resources.
Rumination is directed attention towards feelings and their consequences.
What is cognitive change as an emotional regulation?
Cognitive change consists of modifying the cognitive steps needed to give a situation emotional meaning; e.g., emotion requires that percepts be embued with meaning and that individuals evaluate their capacity to manage the situation.
What is response modulation as an emotional regulation?
Response modulation refers to directly influencing physiological, experiential or behavioural responding. Examples include drugs, exercise, relaxation therapy, food.
According to the study book, what are the three reasons for emotional regulation?
- Social norms
- Disruption caused by emotion episodes
- Individual differences: some people are more likely than others to try to control their emotions.
What was Freud’s contribution to emotion regulation theory?
Freud theorised that failing to properly restrain your id impulses caused anxiety. People try to control their anxiety with a series of defense mechanisms:
Compensation
Denial
Displacement
Projection
Reaction formation
Repression
Sublimation
What are the two types of coping defined by Lazarus and Folkman?
- Emotion-focused coping - trying to cope by changing my emotion.
- Problem-focused coping - fixing the problem to fix the emotion.
Lazarus and Folkman said that emotion-focused coping is the less effective of these methods.
Are emotional regulation processes automatic or controlled?
They are both and may be either automatic or controlled.
Are emotional regulation processes conscious or unconscious?
They may be either conscious or unconscious.
What is perceptual defense?
This is an emotional regulation strategy that uses the processes of perception and cognition to control emotions. Perceptual defense is similar to Freud’s theory of defense mechanisms because it tends to emphasise unconscious defense against unpleasant emotions and associated cognition.
Does all coping require emotional regulation?
No. Lazarus and Folkman would state that emotion regulation is but one form of coping, emotion-focused coping, and thought to be less adaptive than problem-focused coping, or dealing with the situation.
Gross outlines five aspects of what happens during emotion regulation?
- In emotion regulation, individuals may increase, decrease, or try to maintain either positive or negative emotions.
- Emotion regulation may differ according to what kind of emotion is being regulated, because all emotions do not operate similarly.
- Emotion regulation includes only attempts to regulate one’s own emotions and not those of others
- Emotion regulation can be conscious and effortful (control process) or it can be unconscious and unintentional (automatic).
- Emotion regulation is neither good nor bad; it may have both beneficial and detrimental effects for the individual.
