Module 11: Lecture 17

Question 1

• Collapse of lung with absorption of air from alveoli
• Produces dyspnea (shortness of breath)
• Due to imbalance of ventilation-perfusion
• Common 2 days Post-Operation
• Reversible
• Rule out severe anemia
• Mucus plug = obstruction = resorption type

Answer 1

Atelectasis

Question 2

“Shock Lung”

Answer 2

Acute Respiratory Distress Sydrome (ARDS)

Question 3

Inflammation and injury to septal capillaries (capillaritis) causes increased permeability (hyaline membranes)

Answer 3

Acute Respiratory Distress Sydrome (ARDS)

Question 4

Microscopic Morphology of ARDS

Answer 4

Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD)

Question 5

Increased capillary permeability results in

Answer 5

Hyaline membranes (fibrin exudates)

Question 6

4 causes of ARDS?

Answer 6

1) Aspiration of Gastric Contents
2) Pulmonary infections (viral pneumonia)
3) Septic Shock
4) Shock associated with Head trauma

Question 7

Measures how much and how quickly you can move air out of your lungs

Answer 7

Spirometry

Question 8

This measures the amount of air you can exhale with force in one breath.

Answer 8

Forced expiratory volume (FEV)

Question 9

This measures the amount of air you can exhale with force after you inhale as deeply as possible.

Answer 9

Forced vital capacity (FVC)

Question 10

If your FEV1 is decreased = ______ disease

Answer 10

Obstructive = emphysema (COPD), bronchitis (COPD), asthma (REVERSIBLE if acute, irreversible =chronic)

Question 11

If your FVC is decreased = _________ disease

Answer 11

Restrictive = Pregnancy, Obesity, Pulmonary Fibrosis, and Sarcoidosis

Question 12

If FEV1/FVC ratio is below 0.7 =________?

Answer 12

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Bad)

Question 13

80% of COPD (Emphysema or Bronchitis) is caused by?

Answer 13

Tobacco Smoke

Question 14

Permanent enlargement (dilation) on bronchi due to infection in the walls (Obstructive)

-Associated with Cystic Fibrosis (mucus plug)

Answer 14

Bronchiectasis

Question 15

Permanent increase in size of airways distal to terminal bronchiole, destruction of alveolar walls (due to smoking)

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

Answer 15

Emphysema (COPD)

Question 16

Pathogenesis of emphysema

Answer 16

-Protease/Antiprotease imbalance

Smoking = increase protease (elastase) and decrease antiprotenase (deficiency)

-FEV1 reduced (no elastic walls)

Question 17

Dyspnea, barrel chest, “pink puffer”, pursed lips, sits punched over, tripod position, open belt, for pulmonate (right heart failure)

Answer 17

Pulmonary Emphysema

Question 18

How is pulmonary emphysema confirmed?

Answer 18

Spirometry (FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7)

Question 19

Subpleural balloon like spaces (blebs) that may rupture to produce spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 19

Bullae

Question 20

• Air within connective tissue of lung
• Crepitant
• Lady with swollen face

Answer 20

Interstitial emphysema

Question 21

• Persistent cough with sputum production for atlas 3 months in 2 consecutive years
• Irreversible
• Almost always due to smoking
• Requires irritant + infection (H influenza)
• “Blue Bloater”

Answer 21

Chronic Bronchitis (COPD)

Question 22

Clinical and microscopic features of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 22

• prolonged cough with sputum
• increased goblet cells by hyperplasia
• Reid index