Module 11: Lecture 13 Flashcards
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma
Pneumonia
6th leading cause of mortality in in US
4.5 million cases annually
Pneumonia
Most common INFECTIOUS cause of death
Pneumonia
What is another name for hospital acquired pneumonia?
-develops 72hr following admission
Nosocomial
The type of pneumonia where the patient appears and feels sick immediately
Typical pneumonia
What are the 4 bacteria often associated with Typical pneumonia?
- Strep pneumoniae
- H. influenzae
- Klebsiella
- Staph aureus
This type of pneumonia often appears asymptomatic for some type as symptoms secretly progress. It can be zoonotic, snd usually has extra pulmonary and systemic involement. More dangerous and difficult to diagnose
Atypical pneumonia
Sudden, sick, high fever, chills, productive cough, consolidated (well-defined) chest x-ray
Typical pneumonia
Gradual, Feel well, low fever, no chills, non-productive cough, patchy infiltrates (hair-like projections) on chest x-ray
Atypical pneumonia
Most prominent cause of community-aquired bacteria pneumonia (60-70%)
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
- Gram +
- Lancet-shaped diplococci
- Alpha hemolytic
- Green colonies
- Encapsulated
- Optochin sensitive
- Non-staining capsule in diagnosis
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
What is the major virulence factor is Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)?
Capsule (inhibits phagocytosis and prevents C3b opsonization)
Which virulence factor does Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) have that acts as a potent immunomodulator, which overworks our immune system by creating a huge response?
Peptidoglycan-teichoic Acid Complex
What is the most unique virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)?
- Pneumolysin (cell lysis for growth)
- Autolysin (lysis pneumolysin to release virulence factors)
Productive cough with purulent rust-colored sputum
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) = Typical pneumonia
If your lab test came back with alpha hemolysis, optochin sensitivity on blood agar plate, and bile lysis. You have?
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
Are there vaccines to protect from Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)?
- 23 valent capsular polysaccharide vaccine ( ages 65+)
- 13 valent capsular polysaccharide vaccine (children under 6yrs)
Sputum is the defining characteristic of this bacteria. Sputum is thick, blood tinged (Currant Red jelly) sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Causes both typical CAP (aggressive necrotizing) and NP
- Non-motile Gram - bacillus
- Coated with thick SLIMY capsule
- Causes pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics (severe immunocompromised)
- High fever
- Abscess formation
- Cavitation
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Treatment for Klebsiella pneumoniae
Immediate Broad spectrum empiric therapy
- Cause of Atypical CAP (slow progression)
- LACK CELL WALLS = NO GRAM STAIN
- “Fried egg” appearance
- Plasma membrane contains sterols (immune cells don’t recognize as foreign)
- Relapse common
- Release Hydrogen Peroxide
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Culture sputum, Cold agglutinin assay which detects IgM antibodies than bind to I antigen on the surface of RBCs at 4 Celsius = Agglutination
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Causes Atypical pneumonia
- Can cause STI’s
- Obligate Intracellular parasites
- 2 life cycles
- Elementary bodies = infectious form (finds host and infects)
- Reticulate bodies = intracellular/bacterial invasion form
- Direct tissue destruction
- Immunity is not long lasting
- Won’t grow on Agar plates
- PCR = Gold standard
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
