Module 11: Lecture 12

Question 1

Which bacteria cause Otitis Externa?

Answer 1

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Staph aureus

(PAS on the Ex)

Question 2

Which bacteria cause Otitis Media and Sinusitis?

Answer 2

• Strep pneumoniae
• Moraxella catarrhalis
• Haemophilus influenzae

(Hae Strep MOR in middle (media)

Question 3

Which bacteria cause Diphtheria?

Answer 3

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 4

Which bacteria cause Whopping Cough (Pertussis)?

Answer 4

Bordetella pertussis

Question 5

• Inflammation of the external auditory canal
• Moisture (Swimmer’s ear) is a predisposing factor
• Characterized by otalgia (ear pain) and otorrhea (ear discharge)

Answer 5

Otitis Externa

Question 6

• Gram - bacilli
• Encapsulated
• Pigment producer (pyocyanin and pyoverdin)

Answer 6

-Pseudomonas aeruginosa

P: Pigments (pyocyanin, pyoverdin)

A: Aerobic
E: Exotoxin A, Exotoxin S, Elastase, Endotoxin
R: Rod, Resistance, Recurrent pneumonia
U: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
G: Green-blue pigment
I: Iron containing lesion
N: Negative gram, Non lactose fermenter, Nosocomial infections
O: Otitis Externa 
S: Slime capsule
A: Adherin Pilli

Question 7

-Gram + cocci
-Encapsulated
-Coagulase +
B-hemolytic

Answer 7

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 8

Inflammation within the paranasal sinuses, may or may not be purulent

Answer 8

Sinusitis

Question 9

• Gram +
• Lancet-shaped diplococci
• Virulent strains are encapsulated
• alpha hemolysis
• sensitive to optochin

Answer 9

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 10

• Gram - coccobacili

- Some non-tyeable strains that can still infect

Answer 10

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 11

• Gram - diplococci
• Oxidase +
• Beta lactamase producer (ability to inactivate penicillins and beta lactams)

Answer 11

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 12

• Gram - pleomorphic bacilli
• Palisades V
• Metachromatic volutin granules
• A-B exotoxin (halts protein synthesis)

Answer 12

Corynebacterium

Question 13

Characterized by non-healing ulcers, formation of pseudomembranes (fibrin +bacteria+ WBC+necrotic cell), and “Bull Neck”

Uncommon in developed countries

Answer 13

Diphtheria

Question 14

Loeffler’s medium (volition granules) and Cysteine-tellurite agar (black) are both mediums used to diagnose which disease?

(PCR =tox gene)

Answer 14

Diphtheria

Question 15

If toxin is present you will see a cloudy “X” precipitate for ________ test, which indicates that your patient is positive for ________?

Answer 15

• Elek test

- Diphtheria

Question 16

What are the proper steps to treat Diphtheria?

Answer 16

1) Neutralize exotoxin with an antitoxin immediately
2) Antibiotic therapy (erythromycin)
3) Administer diphtheria toxoid vaccine AFTER patient has recovered (DTaP, tDAP, Td)

Question 17

Another name for Whooping Cough?

Answer 17

Pertussis

Question 18

• Gram - coccobacilli
• Grows aerobically on enriched agar
• Several virulence factors
• Endotoxin, 4 exotoxins, adhesins (hemagglutinin & agglutinogens)

Answer 18

Bordetella Pertussis

Question 19

What is the order of stages in Petussis?

Answer 19

0) Incubation (7-10days)
1) Catarrhal stage = most contagious
2) Paroxysmal stage = intense coughing/vomiting
3) Convalescent stage = recovery (3-4 weeks)

Question 20

Strictly a human disease, with the highest incidence affecting children under the age of 1

Answer 20

Pertussis

Question 21

A positive culture on either Bordet-Gengou agar or Regan-Lowe agar (metallic silver color) means the patient has ?

Answer 21

Pertussis

Question 22

DTap or Tdap protect against?

Answer 22

Diphteria, Tetanus, and Pertusis