Module 11: Lecture 12 Flashcards
Which bacteria cause Otitis Externa?
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Staph aureus
(PAS on the Ex)
Which bacteria cause Otitis Media and Sinusitis?
- Strep pneumoniae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Haemophilus influenzae
(Hae Strep MOR in middle (media)
Which bacteria cause Diphtheria?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Which bacteria cause Whopping Cough (Pertussis)?
Bordetella pertussis
- Inflammation of the external auditory canal
- Moisture (Swimmer’s ear) is a predisposing factor
- Characterized by otalgia (ear pain) and otorrhea (ear discharge)
Otitis Externa
- Gram - bacilli
- Encapsulated
- Pigment producer (pyocyanin and pyoverdin)
-Pseudomonas aeruginosa
P: Pigments (pyocyanin, pyoverdin)
A: Aerobic E: Exotoxin A, Exotoxin S, Elastase, Endotoxin R: Rod, Resistance, Recurrent pneumonia U: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) G: Green-blue pigment I: Iron containing lesion N: Negative gram, Non lactose fermenter, Nosocomial infections O: Otitis Externa S: Slime capsule A: Adherin Pilli
-Gram + cocci
-Encapsulated
-Coagulase +
B-hemolytic
Staphylococcus aureus
Inflammation within the paranasal sinuses, may or may not be purulent
Sinusitis
- Gram +
- Lancet-shaped diplococci
- Virulent strains are encapsulated
- alpha hemolysis
- sensitive to optochin
Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Gram - coccobacili
- Some non-tyeable strains that can still infect
Haemophilus influenzae
- Gram - diplococci
- Oxidase +
- Beta lactamase producer (ability to inactivate penicillins and beta lactams)
Moraxella catarrhalis
- Gram - pleomorphic bacilli
- Palisades V
- Metachromatic volutin granules
- A-B exotoxin (halts protein synthesis)
Corynebacterium
Characterized by non-healing ulcers, formation of pseudomembranes (fibrin +bacteria+ WBC+necrotic cell), and “Bull Neck”
Uncommon in developed countries
Diphtheria
Loeffler’s medium (volition granules) and Cysteine-tellurite agar (black) are both mediums used to diagnose which disease?
(PCR =tox gene)
Diphtheria
If toxin is present you will see a cloudy “X” precipitate for ________ test, which indicates that your patient is positive for ________?
- Elek test
- Diphtheria
What are the proper steps to treat Diphtheria?
1) Neutralize exotoxin with an antitoxin immediately
2) Antibiotic therapy (erythromycin)
3) Administer diphtheria toxoid vaccine AFTER patient has recovered (DTaP, tDAP, Td)
Another name for Whooping Cough?
Pertussis
- Gram - coccobacilli
- Grows aerobically on enriched agar
- Several virulence factors
- Endotoxin, 4 exotoxins, adhesins (hemagglutinin & agglutinogens)
Bordetella Pertussis
What is the order of stages in Petussis?
0) Incubation (7-10days)
1) Catarrhal stage = most contagious
2) Paroxysmal stage = intense coughing/vomiting
3) Convalescent stage = recovery (3-4 weeks)
Strictly a human disease, with the highest incidence affecting children under the age of 1
Pertussis
A positive culture on either Bordet-Gengou agar or Regan-Lowe agar (metallic silver color) means the patient has ?
Pertussis
DTap or Tdap protect against?
Diphteria, Tetanus, and Pertusis
