Module 11: Lecture 11

Question 1

Infections of the nasal cavity and pharynx, generally referred to as a “upper respiratory” tract infection

Answer 1

Acute Respiratory Disease (ARD)

Question 2

• Benign, Transitory, and Self-Limited
• Viral Infections predominate
• Lab workup NOT typical
• More prominent in young children, and elderly in winter months

Answer 2

Acute Respiratory Disease (ARD)

Question 3

• Picorna virus family (small RNA)
• Complete cross neutralization is rare or transient (can get the cold many times)
• Most human forms use ICAM-1 as cell surface receptor

Answer 3

Rhinovirus

Question 4

Most common virus that causes the “common cold”

Answer 4

Rhinovirus

Question 5

What is a major vector in person-to-person transmission for Rhinovirus?

Answer 5

Hands

Question 6

What is the best means of control for Rhinovirus?

Answer 6

Hand washing and disinfection

Question 7

What is the name of the cure for the common cold that the FDA won’t approve?

Answer 7

Picovir (Pleconaril)

*Very Effective

Question 8

Why does the FDA hesitate to approve Pleconaril?

Answer 8

Because the common cold (caused by Rhinovirus) is benign, transient, and self-limited

-Many types of viruses can cause a cold and it antagonizes birth control

Question 9

What is the mechanism by which Pleconaril works?

Answer 9

It binds to the virion in the canyon pocket and prevents proper uncoating

Question 10

This virus differs in that its structure is made up of double stranded DNA! It is similar to Herpes, once you get it, you will always have it (establishes permanent latency)

Answer 10

Adenovirus

Question 11

Most common cause of pharyngitis (sore throat) in adults?

Answer 11

Adenovirus

Question 12

What type of fever does Adenovirus cause?

Answer 12

Pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF)

Question 13

This condition is most commonly associated to infected eye drops or swimming pools with inadequate amounts of chlorine causing unilateral conjunctivitis with pre-auricular adenopathy

Answer 13

Pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF)

Question 14

Segmented, Single-stranded RNA virus

Answer 14

Influenza

Question 15

What are the 3 serotypes of the influenza virus?

Answer 15

A,B,C

Question 16

Type A Influenza contains two subtypes that serve as virulence factors. What are they and what is their special function?

Answer 16

H (hemagluttinin) = attachment

N (Neuramindidase) = spreading

Question 17

What is the correct order for Influenza Nomenclature?

Answer 17

Serotype (A/B) / Location of Discovery/ Year/ Subtype

ex: A/HongKong/97/H5N1 (“Bird flu”)

Question 18

Why is it difficult to predict the behavior of a virus (influenza)?

Answer 18

• The changing antigenicity
• Type A viruses mutate frequently (Antigentic drift)
• Recombination of genome segment exchange (Antigenic shift)

Question 19

Influenza doesn’t usually kill the patient, instead this secondary infection often does?

Answer 19

Pneumonia

Question 20

A return of a fever is an ominous sign of secondary?

Answer 20

Pneumonia

Question 21

What is the single most important cause of medically attended acute respiratory illness?

Answer 21

Influenza

Question 22

Getting vaccinated in ______ for Influenza is the best month because it gives you the highest titer antibody response

Answer 22

October

Question 23

Which treatments are only effective for the Type A influenza ONLY?

Answer 23

Amantadine and Rimantadine

Question 24

Which type of drugs are best suited for BOTH Influenza A and B (Very Effective and commonly used)

Answer 24

Neuraminidase Inhibitors (Tamaflu)

Question 25

What is the best type of vaccine available for Influenza?

Answer 25

A quadrivalent inactivated vaccine (contains 2 Type A viruses and 2 type B viruses)

Question 26

What is the new dose recommendation for influenza vaccine in children ages 6 months- 8 yrs who don’t have a confirmed case already?

Answer 26

2 doses