Module 11: Lecture 11 Flashcards
Infections of the nasal cavity and pharynx, generally referred to as a “upper respiratory” tract infection
Acute Respiratory Disease (ARD)
- Benign, Transitory, and Self-Limited
- Viral Infections predominate
- Lab workup NOT typical
- More prominent in young children, and elderly in winter months
Acute Respiratory Disease (ARD)
- Picorna virus family (small RNA)
- Complete cross neutralization is rare or transient (can get the cold many times)
- Most human forms use ICAM-1 as cell surface receptor
Rhinovirus
Most common virus that causes the “common cold”
Rhinovirus
What is a major vector in person-to-person transmission for Rhinovirus?
Hands
What is the best means of control for Rhinovirus?
Hand washing and disinfection
What is the name of the cure for the common cold that the FDA won’t approve?
Picovir (Pleconaril)
*Very Effective
Why does the FDA hesitate to approve Pleconaril?
Because the common cold (caused by Rhinovirus) is benign, transient, and self-limited
-Many types of viruses can cause a cold and it antagonizes birth control
What is the mechanism by which Pleconaril works?
It binds to the virion in the canyon pocket and prevents proper uncoating
This virus differs in that its structure is made up of double stranded DNA! It is similar to Herpes, once you get it, you will always have it (establishes permanent latency)
Adenovirus
Most common cause of pharyngitis (sore throat) in adults?
Adenovirus
What type of fever does Adenovirus cause?
Pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF)
This condition is most commonly associated to infected eye drops or swimming pools with inadequate amounts of chlorine causing unilateral conjunctivitis with pre-auricular adenopathy
Pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF)
Segmented, Single-stranded RNA virus
Influenza
What are the 3 serotypes of the influenza virus?
A,B,C
Type A Influenza contains two subtypes that serve as virulence factors. What are they and what is their special function?
H (hemagluttinin) = attachment
N (Neuramindidase) = spreading
What is the correct order for Influenza Nomenclature?
Serotype (A/B) / Location of Discovery/ Year/ Subtype
ex: A/HongKong/97/H5N1 (“Bird flu”)
Why is it difficult to predict the behavior of a virus (influenza)?
- The changing antigenicity
- Type A viruses mutate frequently (Antigentic drift)
- Recombination of genome segment exchange (Antigenic shift)
Influenza doesn’t usually kill the patient, instead this secondary infection often does?
Pneumonia
A return of a fever is an ominous sign of secondary?
Pneumonia
What is the single most important cause of medically attended acute respiratory illness?
Influenza
Getting vaccinated in ______ for Influenza is the best month because it gives you the highest titer antibody response
October
Which treatments are only effective for the Type A influenza ONLY?
Amantadine and Rimantadine
Which type of drugs are best suited for BOTH Influenza A and B (Very Effective and commonly used)
Neuraminidase Inhibitors (Tamaflu)
What is the best type of vaccine available for Influenza?
A quadrivalent inactivated vaccine (contains 2 Type A viruses and 2 type B viruses)
What is the new dose recommendation for influenza vaccine in children ages 6 months- 8 yrs who don’t have a confirmed case already?
2 doses
