Module 11

Question 1

Axial skeleton

💀

Answer 1

The portion of the skeleton that
supports and protects the head,
neck, and trunk.

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

🦵💪👋🦶

Answer 2

The portion of the skeleton that
attaches to the axial skeleton
and has the limbs attached to it.

Question 3

Exoskeleton

            🦗🕷🐜🐞

Answer 3

A body covering, typically made
of chitin, that provides support
and protection.

Question 4

The three components of

the human superstructure:

Answer 4

1. The skeleton
   2. The muscles
   3. The skin

Question 5

What are the main differences
between smooth and skeletal
muscles?

Answer 5

1. Microscopically skeletal
   appears rough and striped.
   and smooth appears smooth
   and unstriped.
   2. Skeletal muscles are voluntary
   ( operated by conscious thought)
   Smooth muscles are involuntary
   (operated unconsciously by the
   brain)

Question 6

Is cardiac muscle voluntary or
involuntary?
What muscle is cardiac
muscle?

Answer 6

Cardiac muscle is in the
heart.

             This muscle is 
                involuntary.

Question 7

What cells are produced

by the red bone 🦴 marrow?

Answer 7

Blood cells are produced

in the red bone marrow.

Question 8

What is keratinization?

Answer 8

Keratinization is a process that hardens living
cells. It creates the outer layer of the
epidermis and hair and nails. The process
kills cells in this process.
(This is why fungi often infect these areas)

Question 9

What are two major components 
          of bone?
         Which one makes bones
            flexible?
          Which one makes bones hard 
             and strong?

Answer 9

Collagen and minerals are two
    major components of bone.
    Collagen makes bones flexible
     and minerals make bones hard 
     and strong.

Question 10

What is the difference between
spongy and compact bone
tissue?

Answer 10

Compact bone tissue is 
           packed together tightly.
        Spongy bone has lots of 
           space between its fibers
           so it is lighter in weight 
           than compact bone.

Question 11

Are bones living?

Answer 11

Bones are alive!
Living cells are imbedded in bone
allowing us to grow.

Question 12

What is the difference between
invertebrates and vertebrates?
To what kingdom do they belong?

Answer 12

Vertebrates have backbones
     invertebrates do not have
      backbones.  Both belong in
      the kingdom Animalia.
       Any organism from a kingdom 
       other than Animalia would be
        neither an invertebrate or
        vertebrate.

Question 13

Is the neck a part of the

appendicular or axial skeleton?

Answer 13

The neck is a part of the axial

skeleton.

Question 14

What are creatures with

exoskeletons called?

Answer 14

Creatures with exoskeletons

are called arthropods.

Question 15

What is the function of ligaments?

Answer 15

Ligaments hold the bones of the

joints together.

Question 16

What are tendons?

Answer 16

Skeletal muscles end in tendons
and the tendons attach muscle to the
skeleton.

Question 17

A plants ability to move towards the light is called what?

Answer 17

A plants ability to grow towards

the light is called phototropism.

Question 18

Describe two functions of

hair.

Answer 18

Hair serves the functions of

providing insulation and sensation.

Question 19

What is the purpose of sweat?

Answer 19

Sweat cools the body and
helps feed the beneficial
bacteria and fungi living on the skin.

Question 20

What do sebaceous glands do?

Answer 20

Sebaceous glands produce oil that softens the skin and hair
and makes it hard for pathogenic
bacteria to attach themselves to the skin.