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Bio 264 > Module 11 > Flashcards

Module 11 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of cells produce CSF?

A

Ependymal Cells

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2
Q

Flow of CSF?

A

Lateral ventricles – 3rd & 4th ventricules – subarachnoid space – Central canal of spinal cord – venous circulation

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3
Q

CSF is produced by the _____

A

Chorid Plexuses

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4
Q

Majority of CSF is made in the____?

A

Lateral ventricles

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5
Q

Functions of CSF?

A

Provides nutrients to the CNS tissues, protective cushion around the brain and spinal cord, protects the brain rains the shock of rapid head movements

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6
Q

Two layers of Dura Mater ____?

A

Arachnoid Mater & Pia Mater

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7
Q

The majority of the CSF fluid enters the ventricles by following which kind of concentration gradient?

A

Sodium Ions

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8
Q

This type of Memory is used as you cross the street looking both ways. Or when you’re playing chess

A

Working Memory

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9
Q

This memory is accessed when we are functioning while trying to remember something

A

Working Memory

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10
Q

Refers to a portion of long-term memory that processes ideas and concepts that are not drawn from personal experienc

A

Semantic

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11
Q

Thought to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system

A

Hippocampus

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12
Q

Awake & Engaged

A

Beta Waves

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13
Q

Relaxed, mind is wandering, non-focused

A

Alpha Waves

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14
Q

Early sleep in young children // early stages of sleep

A

Theta Waves

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15
Q

Deep sleep or brain damage (coma)

A

Delta Waves

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16
Q

It controls the basic emotions (fear, pleasure, anger) and drives (hunger, sex, dominance, care of offspring)

A

The Limbic System

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17
Q

Emotional and Pleasure Centers?

A

The Limbic System

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18
Q

Without the ______ you couldn’t have memory, reproduction or nutrition

A

The Limbic System

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19
Q

Addictions are primarily housed in what region of the brain?

A

The Limbic System

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20
Q

Function of the Reticular Activating System (RAS)?

A

Maintain the brain in a state of alertness or arousal

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21
Q

Damage to what area of the brain would cause Narcolepsy?

A

RAS

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22
Q

Structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination?

A

The Red Nucleus

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23
Q

What is located in the midbrain & plays an important role in reward & movement?

A

The Substantia Nigra Black

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24
Q

What causes the Red Nucleus to be red?

A

Iron

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25
Q

The largest part of the human brain?

A

Cerebrum

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26
Q

Associated with higher brain function such as thought and action?

A

Cerebrum

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27
Q

The cerebral cortex is divided into four sections, called ____?

A

Lobes

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28
Q

What are the 4 lobes?

A

Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe

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29
Q

Where is the Primary Auditory Cortex located?

A

Superior part of the temporal lobe?

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30
Q

Occipital lobe?

A

Eyes

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31
Q

Numerous bumps in the surface of the cerebrum?

A

Gyri

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32
Q

The valleys/grooves in the brain?

A

Sulci

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33
Q

What brain structure is responsible for muscle tone, balance, and coordination?

A

Cerebellum

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34
Q

Analytical side of brain?

A

Left brain

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35
Q

Problem solving, math, science?

A

Left Brained

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36
Q

Artistic side of the brain?

A

Right Brained

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37
Q

Creativity, Music, Art?

A

Right Brained

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38
Q

4 regions of the brain?

A

Cerebrum, Diecephalon, Brain Stem, Cerebellum

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39
Q

Primary Motor Cortex, Premotor Area, Motor Speech Are (Brocha’s Area), Prefrontal Area are all apart of what lobe?

A

Frontal Lobe

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40
Q

Primary Somatic Sensory Cortex & taste area are associate with what lobe?

A

Parietal Lobe

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41
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex, Auditory Association Area, Sensory Speech Area (Wernick’s Area) are associated with what lobe?

A

Temporal Lobe

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42
Q

Visual Association Area, Visual Cortex are associated with what lobe of the brain?

A

Occipital Lobe

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43
Q

Taste, hand & eye movement?

A

The Insula

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44
Q

Memory, attention, perception, thought, movement, language, consciousness are associated with ______?

A

Cerebral Cortex

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45
Q

3 Main Divisons of the cerebral cortex?

A

Motor areas, sensory areas, association areas

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46
Q

Another name for Primary Motor Cortex?

A

Precentral Gyrus

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47
Q

Functions of Primary Motor Cortex?

A

Planning, initiation and execution

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48
Q

Initiates muscle & movements necessary for speech? (can’t pronounce words with damage)

A

Broca’s Area

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49
Q

Auditory or visual comprehension of language? (can’t form sentences if damaged)

A

Wernicke’s Area

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50
Q

What do we call the gray matter deep in the cerebrum?

A

Nuclei

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51
Q

3 types of fibers?

A

Association fibers, commissural fibers, projection fibers

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52
Q

Information within the same hemisphere?

A

Association Fibers?

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53
Q

Information across hemispheres?

A

Commissural Fibers

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54
Q

Cerebrum to other parts of the CNS?

A

Projection Fibers

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55
Q

Wernicke’s Area also in _____ lobe?

A

Parietal lobe

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56
Q

3 parts the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

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57
Q

Relay center for information coming into the cerebral cortex? (sensory impulses)

A

The Thalamus

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58
Q

_____ neurons converge and synapse in the thalamus?

A

Afferent

59
Q

Positioned below the thalamus?

A

Hypothalamus

60
Q

Visceral control center & homeostasis maintenance?

A

Hypothalamus

61
Q

The _____ is associated with ANS (heart rate, BP, digestion), emotions (pleasure, fear, rage), Body temp, Hunger, Thirst, Sleep, Endocrine System

A

Hypothalamus

62
Q

Bridge between the limbic system and the cerebrum?

A

Epithalamus

63
Q

Pain processing, reproductive behavior, learning, sleep-wake cycles, created to the limbic system?

A

Epithalamus

64
Q

The pineal Gland releases _____?

A

Melatonin (associated with sleep)

65
Q

3 parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

66
Q

Critical body functions the brainstem?

A

respiration & heart regulation

67
Q

Most superior portion of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain

68
Q

In between diencephalon & pons?

A

Midbrain

69
Q

Substantia Nigra and red nucleus located?

A

Midbrain

70
Q

Movement of eyes as we track moving object? Input from eyes/

A

Superior Colliculi

71
Q

Coordinate head and eye movements with sudden sounds?

A

Inferior Colliculi

72
Q

Two parts of Corpora Quadrigemina?

A

Superior Colliculi & Inferior Colliculi

73
Q

Associated with Parkinson’s disease?

A

Substantia Nigra

74
Q

Substantia Nigra is black because of _____?

A

Neuromelanin

75
Q

Substantia Nigra neurons produce _____?

A

Dopamine

76
Q

These neurons of the Substantia Nigra ascend to the cerebrum to the _____?

A

Basal Nuclei (control skeletal muscle control)

77
Q

What contributes to sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, posture

A

The Pons

78
Q

Pons = _____?

A

Bridge

79
Q

Assists in homeostasis, strength and force of heart rate, depth of breathing, vomiting, hiccuping, coughing, sneezing and decussation?

A

The Medulla Oblongata

80
Q

Motor learning & motor coordination?

A

Cerebellum

81
Q

Compares what is actually happening to what the motor cortex ordered?

A

Cerebellum

82
Q

Typing, driving, riding a bike, piano playing, etc, emotions, language, thought processing

A

Cerebellum

83
Q

3 parts of limbic system?

A

Cingulate Gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus

84
Q

Part of the cerebrum & diencephalon?

A

Limbic System

85
Q

What is not fully developed until 25 years old?

A

Limbic System

86
Q

Cognition and spatial memory? (what when and where)

A

The Hippocampus

87
Q

Important in learning, short term memory and conversion of short term memories to long term?

A

The Hippocampus

88
Q

Episodic & Autobiographical types of memories?

A

The Amygdala

89
Q

Facial recognition and first impressions?

A

The Amygdala

90
Q

Regulates motor control, initiating, stopping and monitoring intensity of voluntary motor movements

A

The Basal Nuclei

91
Q

What releases dopamine in response to reward & stimulated by cocaine, alcohol, nicotine?

A

Ventral Tegmental Area

92
Q

Formation & storage of memories?

A

Amygdala

93
Q

social interactions, processing of personal space, sexual and aggressive behavior, desire for physical contact

A

The Amygdala

94
Q

Allows for control of the amygdala?

A

Septal Nuclei

95
Q

Similar to nucleus accumbens * reward/reinforcement

A

Septal Nuclei

96
Q

Lasts from seconds to a few minutes?

A

Short term memory

97
Q

Small amounts of information (phone number)

A

Short term memory

98
Q

Correlates our current situation with our experiences?

A

Working Memory

99
Q

2 types of long-term memory?

A

Explicit & Implicit

100
Q

Facts, names, dates, processes, expressed verbally

A

Explicit

101
Q

Explicit is the same as ______?

A

Declarative Memory

102
Q

Riding a bike, walking, tying shoes?

A

Implicit

103
Q

Implicit is the same as _____?

A

Procedural

104
Q

The process of converting short-term to long-term memory?

A

Consolidation

105
Q

Responsible for generating long-term memories?

A

Hippocampus

106
Q

Can’t make new memories after neurological insult?

A

Anterograde Amnesia

107
Q

Difficulty retrieving memories that were from before the injury?

A

Retrograde Amnesia

108
Q

Important in converting short-term memory into long-term memory?

A

Hippocampus

109
Q

What memory lasts days to years?

A

Long-term memory

110
Q

Purpose of the meninges?

A

Protect CNS

111
Q

2 layers of Dura Mater?

A

Periosteal Layer & Menigeal Layer

112
Q

Arachnoid Layer & Subarachnoid Space cushions and protects the _____?

A

brain

113
Q

_____ space filled with CSF?

A

Subarachnoid Space

114
Q

Very delicate & makes border for CSF?

A

Pia Mater

115
Q

From rupture arteries? Usually from physical trauma

A

Epidural Hemorrhages

116
Q

Compression of CNS (intense headaches)

A

Epidural Hemorrhages

117
Q

Venous Bleed, shaken baby syndrome, whiplash, rips the veins in the subdural space?

A

Subdural Hemorrhage

118
Q

Thunderclap headache?

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhages?

119
Q

CSF is in this space?

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhages?

120
Q

_______ are the second most common cause of stroke?

A

Intracerebral Hemorrhages

121
Q

Damage tot eh region of the brain where it occurs?

A

Intracerebral Hemorrhages

122
Q

Cranial nerves can transmit ____ information & _____ information?

A

Sensory & Motor

123
Q

Cranial Nerve #1 is?

A

Olfactory

124
Q

Nerve associated with smell?

A

Olfactory

125
Q

Cranial Nerve #2 is?

A

Optic

126
Q

Nerve associated with vision?

A

Optic

127
Q

Cranial Nerve #3 is?

A

Occulomotor

128
Q

Cranial Nerve #4 is?

A

Trochlear

129
Q

Cranial Nerve #5 is?

A

Abducens

130
Q

Nerves 3,4,5 are associated with?

A

Eye movement

131
Q

Cranial Nerve #6 is?

A

Trigeminal

132
Q

Nerve associated with sensory (face), sinus, teeth, jaw muscles?

A

Trigeminal

133
Q

Cranial Nerve #7 is?

A

Facial

134
Q

Nerve associated with face muscles, taste?

A

Facial

135
Q

Cranial Nerve #8 is?

A

Auditory

136
Q

Nerve associated with hearing & balance?

A

Auditory

137
Q

Cranial Nerve #9 is?

A

Glossopharyngeal

138
Q

Nerve associated with muscle of throat & larynx & taste

A

Glossopharyngeal

139
Q

Cranial Nerve #10 is?

A

Vagus

140
Q

Nerve associated with internal organs?

A

Vagus

141
Q

Cranial Nerve #11 is?

A

Hypoglossal

142
Q

Nerve associated with tongue movements?

A

Hypoglossal

143
Q

Cranial Nerve #12 is?

A

Spinal Accessory

144
Q

Nerve associated with muscles of the neck and upper back?

A

Spinal Accessory

Bio 264 (2 decks)

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