Module 1.1 Flashcards
What are the three levels of structural organisation?
- Tissues 2.organs 3.organ system
What are tissues?
Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together
What are organs?
Organs are structures that are made up of two or more tissues; organised to carry out a particular function
What are Organ Systems?
Organ Systems are a group of Organs with related functions
What are the four tissue types?
- Epithelial 2. connective tissue
- Muscle tissue 4. Nervous tissue
Where is Epithelial tissue found in the body?
Epithelial tissue is found on the lining of Organs and the Epidermis (the skin)
Where is Connective Tissue found in the body?
Connective tissue is found on the bones/ tendons. It is usually soft padding tissue or fat (it links the epithelial to the muscles)
What are the three types of Muscle tissue?
- Cardiac Muscle 2. Smooth Muscle
- Skeletal muscle
Where is Cardiac muscle found?
The walls of the heart. It’s not under control and uses intercalated disks to make the heart beat and allow the cells to contract in sync.
Where is smooth muscle found?
The walls of blood vessels and other internal structures
Eg. the digestive tract, uterus and urinary bladder. Smooth muscle is not under conscious control
Where is Skeletal Muscle found?
Attached to bones and Tendons
Where is Nervous Tissue found?
It is the tissue of the brain, spinal cord and nerves
Nervous tissue is responsible for sensing external and internal cues. Its core function is to process and transmit information. Nervous tissue is made up of two main types of cells; Neurons/ nerve cells and glial.
What are the 11 body systems?
- Cardiovascular 2. Lymphatic
- Digestive 4. Endocrine 5. Integumentary/ immune system
- Muscular 7. Nervous 8. Reproductive 9. Skeletal 10. Urinary 11. Respiratory
What organs does the Cardiovascular system contain?
Heart, blood and blood vessels
What organs does the lymphatic system contain?
Lymph nodes, lymph and lymph Vessels
Tonsils, spleen, bone marrow, thymus gland
What organs does the digestive system contain?
Mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, liver, large and small intestines, pancreas and Gallbladder
What organs does the Endocrine system contain?
Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine, pancreas, adrenal, testes and ovaries
What organs does the Muscular system contain?
Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles
What organs does the integumentary system and immune system contain?
Hair, skin and nails
Tonsils, adenoids, thymus, spleen and skin
What organs does the nervous system contain?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory organs
What organs does the reproductive system contain?
Tested, uterus etc
What organs does the Skeletal system contain?
Bones, cartilage, joints, tendons and ligaments
What organs does the urinary system contain?
Kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra and ureters
What does the Cardiovascular system do?
It transports Oxygen to cells and waste/ substances away from cells
What does the lymphatic system do?
It defends against infection and disease
What does the digestive system do?
It processes food, absorbs nutrients, minerals, vitamins and water
What does the endocrine system do?
It communicates using hormones and directs long-term change to other organ systems
What does the integumentary system and the immune system do?
Provides protection from injury/ fluid loss. Provides physical defence against infections and disease causing agents
What does the muscular system do?
It provides movement support and heat protection to the body
Muscle tissue is responsible for keeping the body moving and pumping blood. It also pushes food through the digestive tract
What does the nervous system do?
It collects, transfers and processes information. It directs short-term change to other organ systems
What does the reproductive system do?
It produces gametes (sex hormones) and functions to produce offspring
What does the skeletal system do?
It provides movement to joints and produces blood cells/ stores minerals
What does the urinary system do?
It removes excess water, salts and waste from the blood and body. It also controls the body’s PH
What is anatomy?
Anatomy is the science of body structure and being able to separate the body structure to further study it and their relationships to one another.
What is Physiology?
Physiology is the study of how the body functions and focus on how each body part works
What is the Anatomical Position?
The anatomical position is when a person is standing upright, arms rested to their sides and the palms facing out towards us
What does Anterior/ ventral mean?
The front of the body
What does posterior/ dorsal mean?
The back of the body
What does Superior mean?
Above or towards the head
What does inferior mean?
Below or towards the feet
What are the terms proximal and distal used for?
The terms are used to describe two points on the same limb
What does proximal mean?
Closer to where the arm and leg inserts into the body
What does distal mean?
Further away from where the arm and leg inserts into the body
What does medial mean?
Closer to the midline of the body
What does lateral mean?
Further from the midline of the body
What are the four anatomical planes?
Sagittal, frontal plane, transverse plane and oblique plane
What is a sagittal plane?
A vertical cut that separates the body into two (left and right)
What is the mid-sagittal plane?
The mid sagittal plane cuts through the mid-line
What is the para-sagittal plane?
It cuts off the mid-line
What is the frontal plane?
It divided the body into anterior and posterior portion (a sideways cut)
What is the transverse plane?
Divided the body into superior and inferior portions (a horizontal cut)
What is an oblique plane?
Cuts the body in any diagonal section
(Oblique angle)
