MODULE 11 Flashcards
what is the process of generating a cell
Energy (atp) + carbon (precursor metabolites) + electron (redcuing power) = monomers and other building blocks -> macromolecules -> flagella+cell
macronutrients uses
building blocks
stabilize cellular structures- divalent cations
cofactors
micronutrients uses
cofactors- help proteins fold
what are cell mostly made of
carbon backbones
terms for how organisms obtain carbon
heterotrophs, autotrophs
terms for how organisms obtain energy
chemotrophs, phototrophs
terms for how organisms obtain electrons
organotrophs and lithotrophs
Heterotrophs
obtain carbon using organic molecules
Autotrophs
obtain carbon using co2
uses of carbons
carbons-> precursor metabolites -> metabolic processes (glycolysis, TCA)-> complex organic molcules
energy uses
power chemical and mechanical work throigh ATP
chemotrophs
use organic and inorganic molecules
autotrophs
use light
Reducing power - electrons uses
used to make ATP for ETC
organotrophs
source of electrons from reducing organic molecules
lithotrophs
source of electrons from reducing inorganic molecules
NADH-> NAD+ or FADH2->FAD
NAD+ is reduced to make NADH (reduced form)
NADH is oxidized to NAD+
Chemoorganoheterotrophs
- most bacteria in human body
- get carbon energy and redcuing power from organic molecules
- make ATP by oxidizing reduced organic molecules (NADH->NAD+) through aorbic, anerobic nd fermentation
- then ETC making ATP
AEORIBIC respiration
- glycolysis
- citric acid/TCA cycle
- electron transport
glycolysis products
atp, and nadh
- glucose oxidized pyruvate
TCA cycle products
- Acetyl-Co-A oxidized to co2
atp nadh fadh2
electron transport chain
electrons from nadh and fadh2 used to make atp
gycolytic pathways
embden-meyerhof pathway (most common in animal) and entner-doudroff pathway (some bacteria), pentose phosphate pathway (used for biosynthesis)
embden-meyerhof pathway
most common gycolysis pathway used by animals makes pyruvate and atp, and nadh
