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Community and Public Health for MLS > Module 1.1 > Flashcards

Module 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the EARLIEST CIVILIZATIONS

A

Ancient Societies, Classical Cultures, Middle Ages, and Period of Renaissance and Exploration

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2
Q

Characterized by the development of agriculture and irrigation systems

A

Ancient Societies (Before 500 B.C.E)

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3
Q

before 500 B.C.E

A

Ancient Societies

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4
Q

500 B.C.E - 500 C.E

A

Classical Cultures

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5
Q

500-1500 C.E.

A

Middle Ages

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6
Q

Period of Renaissance and Exploration

A

1500-1700 C.E.

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7
Q

When archaeological findings provided evidence of sewage disposal and written medical prescriptions

A

Prior to 2000 B.C.E

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8
Q

The earliest written record of public health was the CODE OF HAMMURABI; included laws for physicians and health practices

A

Circa 1900 B.C.E

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9
Q

Bible books of Leviticus was written; includes guideline for personal cleanliness and sanitation

A

Circa 1500 B.C.E

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10
Q

Latin word that means “around” or “approximately”

A

Circa

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11
Q

when most public health activities ceased

A

476 C.E

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12
Q

this period emphasizes the health of individual and not environment

A

Classical Culture

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13
Q

this period is the exponent of the Science of Preventive Medicine

A

Classical Culture

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14
Q

Introduced the philosophy of relationship between Physical and Mental Health

A

Classical Culture

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15
Q
  • Greeks were involved in community sanitation
  • Roman built aqueducts, sewer systems, regulation for buildings, refused street cleaning, and created hospitals
  • and Christians built hospitals as benevolent charitable organizations
A

Classical Culture

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16
Q

who built aqueducts, sewer systems, regulation for buildings, refused street cleaning, and created hospitals
* and Christians built hospitals as benevolent charitable organizations

A

Greeks

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17
Q
  • the period of the downfall of the Roman Empire
  • illness was considered result of sin
  • spiritual era of public health
A

Middle Ages

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18
Q

common practice during the middle ages

A

bloodletting and alchemy

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19
Q

what is alchemy also known as

A

exoerimentation

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20
Q

where were the deadliest epidemics from

A

bubonic plague “black death”

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21
Q

what bacteria causes the bubonic plague

A

Yersinia Pestis

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22
Q

a gram negative nonmotile rod shaped coccobacillus

A

Yersinia Pestis

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23
Q

period where there were more than 19,000 leper houses

A

12000 C.E.

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24
Q
  • caused by “Variola virus”
  • used as a biological weapon during the French and Indian wars during 1747-1767
A

Small Pox

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25
Q

caused by “corynebacterium diptheriae”

A

Diphtheria

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26
Q
  • a viral disease
  • caused by Rubeola
A

Measles

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27
Q
  • caused by “bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis”
  • this bacteria migrated or mutates to other parts of the body aside from the lungs
A

Tuberculosis

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28
Q
  • commonly called the “flu”
  • an infectious disease
  • caused by the “influenza bacteria”
A

Influenza

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29
Q
  • rare but serious disease
  • caused by “spore-forming bacterium bacillus anthracis”
  • biological weapon
A

Anthrax

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30
Q
  • disease of the eye
  • caused by “bacteria chlamydia trachomatis”
A

Trachoma

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31
Q

SYPHILIS was the last epidemic this period

A

1492 C.E.

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32
Q
  • bacterial infection that is usually sexually transmitted
  • cause by “Treponema pallidum”
A

Syphilis

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33
Q
  • people believed that disease was cause by the environment
  • first recognition of whooping cough, typhus, scarlet fever, and malaria as distinct and separate diseases
A

Renaissance and Exploration

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34
Q
  • highly contagious respiratory tract infection
  • caused by “bordetella pertussis”
A

whooping cough

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35
Q

caused by “Rickettsia Prowazekki”

A

Typhus

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36
Q

cause by “Streptococcus pyogenes” - member of group A streptococcus

A

Scarlet fever

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37
Q

cause by protozoan parasite of the genus “Plasmodium”

A

Malaria

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38
Q

when did Josh Graunt publish the “observations on the bills of mortality”

A

1662

39
Q

who published “observations on the bills of mortality”

A

Josh Graunt

40
Q

the father of demography and descriptive epidemiology

A

John Graunt

41
Q

the “columbian exchange” is taken from the title of

A

Alfred W. Crosby 1972 book

42
Q

exchange is divided into three categories:

A
  • disease
  • animals
  • plants
43
Q

period of:
industrial growth; accompanied by epidemics, migration, and discovery

A

eighteenth century

44
Q

Causes of epidemic during eighteenth century

A

Miasmic and Contagion

45
Q

theory held that epidemics stemmed
from certain atmospheric conditions rising
from organic materials

A

Miasmic

46
Q

theory held that epidemics resulted
from transmission of germs

A

Contagion

47
Q

Census day

A

August 2, 1790

48
Q

First U.S. census

A

1790

49
Q

Yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia

A

1793

50
Q

badly hit Philadelphia by yellow
fever

A

October 11, 1793

51
Q
  • Caused by/Causative agent: arthropod-
    borne virus in the genus Flavivirus of the
    family Flaviviridae transmitted by infected
    mosquitoes
  • Viral disease with fever and muscle pain
  • after fever and muscle pain exhibits jaundice
  • Infects liver and kidneys
A

Yellow fever/American Plague

52
Q

When did Dr. Edward Jenner successfully demonstrated
smallpox vaccination

A

1796

53
Q

When Marine Hospital Service was formed.

A

1798

54
Q

London cholera epidemics

A

1849–1854

55
Q

Began to unravel the mystery of transmission

A

John Snow

56
Q

Modern era of public health begins

A

1850

57
Q

John Snow had waterpump handle removed from Broad Street pump to prevent spread of a disease

A

1854

58
Q

Louis Pasteur proposed germ theory

A

1863

59
Q

American Public Health Association (APHA) founded;

A

1872

60
Q

Bacteriological period of public health.

A

1875–1900

61
Q

Robert Koch established relationship between a particular microbe and a particular disease.

A

1876

62
Q

Reform Phase, First national-level voluntary health
agency created.

A

1902

63
Q

Period of Social Engineering. It was Hacker Kevin Mitnick who popularized Social Engineering

A

1960

64
Q

Medicare and Medicaid bills passed

A

1965

65
Q

considered as healer priestess and leader

A

Babaylans

66
Q

pre spanish era (before 1565)

A

Like most indigenous peoples, our ancestors put faith in nature not only for physical but also for spiritual sustenance. Belief in the power of both the animate and inanimate world was central to their way of life.

67
Q

SPANISH ERA (1565–1898)

A
  • Creation of vaccines to prevent smallpox
  • The first epidemic recorded in the Philippines
  • Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Dengue were believed to
    be brought by Chinese traders
  • Creation of Board of Health
68
Q

The first epidemic recorded in the Philippines is called

A

bolotong or smallpox

69
Q

was established as the oldest medical school in the
country in 1871

A

UST(University of Sto Tomas) College of Medicine

70
Q

represents early medical healthcare in the Spanish era

A

San Lazaro Church and Hospital

71
Q

→ 1st hospital in the country initially located in Cebu
→ built in 1565

A

Hospital Real

72
Q

the 1st medical institution established in the Philippines

A

Hospital San Juan de Dios

73
Q

more popularly known as Hospital de Naturales. Led by Fray Clemente, the friars cared for the sick while also tending to their spiritual needs.

A

Hospital de los Indios Naturales

74
Q

plays vital role in the diagnosis and care of lepers who were sent to the hospital for confinement.

A

San Lazaro Hospital

75
Q
  • Control of epidemics such as cholera,small pox and plague
  • Confirmed that plague comes from infected rats
  • Cholera vaccine was 1st tried
  • UP college of medicine was opened
  • Established Bureau of Science and civil registry
A

AMERICAN PERIOD (1898–1918)

76
Q

R.A No. 157 of the Philippine Commission created a cBoard of Health of the Philippines

A

1901

77
Q

The cholera claimed 200,222 including 66,000 children, worst epidemic in Philippine history.

A

1905

78
Q

US mandated a mass smallpox vaccination program in the Philippines.

A

1917

79
Q

PGH (Philippine General Hospital) was opened. Dr.Vicente De Jesus headed the full filipinization of Health Services

A

1910

80
Q

The mandate of Public Health is The Filipinization of Health services.

A

1918

81
Q

Setting up of X-ray clinics and TB Pavilion to address tuberculosis

A

1930

82
Q
  • Hygiene and Physiology were included in the curriculum
  • Anti-TB campaign was started
    -Philippine General Hospital was opened
  • Anti-Typhoid vaccine was initiated
A

PHILIPPINE ASSEMBLY

83
Q

JONES LAW YEARS (1916–1936)

A

creation of the Philippine Health Service as the United
States formalize commitment towards granting
Philippine Independence

84
Q

COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (1936–1941)

A
  • Research in health was promoted
  • Epidemiology of life threatening diseases was studied - diphtheria, syphilis& dengue
  • May 31, 1939- Dept. of Public Health& Welfare was created
  • Dr. Jose Fabella is the 1st Secretary
85
Q

Bureau of Census & Statistics

A

1940

86
Q

JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1941–1945)

A
  • Although the period is relatively short,people lived in fear and deprivation.
  • Increase incidence of TB, venereal diseases, Malaria, leprosy and malnutrition.
  • People with leprosy escaped from detention in search for food
87
Q

was the headquarters of WHO Western Pacific

A

Manila

88
Q

1952

A

BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) was used for mass vaccination for prevention of tuberculosis. Up to this date BCG is part of immunization program.

89
Q

RHU (Rural health Units) were established in municipalities under Pres. Ramon Magsaysay who introduced “Health Care for the masses”.

A

1953

90
Q

POST WW II (1945–1972)

A
  • Improvement of Health & Dental Services in Rural Areas
  • Introduction of penicillin to treat gonorrhea
91
Q
  • Caused by/Causative agent: Neisseria gonorrhea
  • A gram-negative diplococcus
A

gonorrhea

92
Q

assesses the health of a population,
diagnoses its problems, seeks the cause of the problems and devices strategies to give a solution.

A

PUBLIC HEALTH

93
Q

The organizational mechanism of those activities undertaken within the formal structure of government and the associated efforts of private and voluntary organizations and individuals

A

Public Health System

Community and Public Health for MLS (1 decks)

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