module 10. Peds I Flashcards
When are most children ready for toilet training?
Once they show interest, it can be as early as 18 months -4 years of age
What is Coxsackie virus? and list its sign and sypmtoms
Hand-Foot-and-Mouth
Low grade fever 1-2 days before oral lesions
Oral cavity small red papules that become vesicles on red bases, then turn into ulcerations at X1 week
Mild GI upset, malaise during prodrome
What is the incubation period for coxsackie?
3-5 days
What are the symptoms of Kawasaki Disease (vasculitis)
fever 5 + days
Unilateral lymphedanopathy
bulbar conjunctivitis
rash to body
Mucous membrane changes to lips/oral cavity
What are the signs and symptoms of Parovirus B12?
Erythematous malar rash (slapped cheek) 2-5 days after symptom onset
Low grade fever
Rhinorrhea/Coryza, headache, nausea, diarrhea
why should pregnant women avoid being arround anyone with Parovirus b12?
Because is can cause anemia in the fetus
What are the symptoms of Rubeola (red measels)
- Three C’s Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis Enanthem
- Koplik spots (white spots on base of cheek) develop prior to rash
- Desquamation
- High fever X3 days then erythematous, maculopapular, blanching rash
How is Rubeola transmitted and is it reportable?
Airborne and yes its reportable
you would order blood work:
Measles IgM and IgG
how is Rubella (german measles) transmitted?
droplet
what are the signs and symptoms of Rubella (german measles)
low grade fever X5 days prior to rash development
then fine maculopapular rash, starts on face then moves to neck and trunk
Why should pregnant women be scare if they are exposed to Rubella (german measels)
because it can lead to congenital rubella syndrome which can lead to a miscarriage
What virus causes Rubella (german measels)
its Rubivirus
What virus causes roseola?
Human Herpes Virus HHV-6
what complications can arise from roseola?
febrile seizures
aseptic meningitis
thrombocytopenia
what are the symptoms of Roseola?
Fever without obvious cause for 3-5 days
Once the fever breaks the patient will develop a non-puritic maculopapular rask on neck and trunk
The rash will resolve in about 48 hours
They may also have bilateral TM erythema
When should the NP-PHC begin screening for lead poisoning in a child who has significant risk for exposure?
6 months
What are the different types of stabismus?
Esotropia (one eye turns inwards)
Exotropia (one eye turns outwards)
Hypotropia (one eye looks downards)
Hypertropia one eye looks upwards
What tests can you perform on a child who presents with strabismus?
- Hirschberg test
- Cover-uncover test
3.Alternate cover test
What is the peak age of:
Croup
Bronchiolitis
Epiglotitis
Croup peak age =2 (often parainfluenza)
Bronch =6m
Epiglotitis = 7 (caused by h. Influenza)
What percentage of weight loss would you see in mild dehydration?
infant 5%
child 3-4%
What percentage of weight loss would you see in moderate dehydration ?
Infant 10%
Child 6-8%
What percentage of weight loss would you see in severe dehydration?
infant 15%
Child 10%
Under what FEMALE circumstances would you need to order a
Voiding Cystourethrogram w floroscopy and abdo ultrasound and DMSA scan?
any child with pyelonephritis
Female infant less than 3 years of age w. UTI
Female infant greater than 3 years of age w. 2nd UTI
1st UTI in any child with fx of kidney issues or HTN or any weird voiding issues
under what circumstances would a male infant require a Voiding Cystourethrogram w floroscopy and abdo ultrasound and DMSA scan?
1st UTI in boys of any age
pylonephritis
1st UTI in any child with fx of kidney issues or HTN or any weird voiding issues
What is the difference between primary and secondary enuresis?
Nocturnal enuresis is involuntary urination that happens at night while sleeping, after the age when a person should be able to control his or her bladder
Primary – occurring since infancy
Secondary – occurring at least 6 months after child gained bladder control
what is ENCOPRESIS?
the soiling of underwear with stool by children who are past the age of toilet training
1%-2% of children younger than 10 years; boys>girls
Usually caused by long term constipation
When should the NP-PHC begin screening for lead poisoning in a child who has significant risk for exposure?
6 months
Blood Lead Screening is recommended for children who:
in the last 6 months lived in a house or apartment built before 1960;
live in a home with recent or ongoing renovations or peeling or chipped paint;
have a sibling, housemate, or playmate with a prior history of lead poisoning;
live near point sources of lead contamination;
What would you advise a parent with a newborn regarding sun exposure?
Minimize sun exposure. Wear protective clothing, hats, properly applied sunscreen with SPF ≥ 30 for those > 6 months of age.
