Module 10 - Ancient Greeks Models of the Universe

Question 1

Around 600 BCE, Thales of Miletus proposed that Earth is a

Answer 1

disk floating on wate

Question 2

suggested that Earth is a cylinder and that its surface is curved.

Answer 2

Anaximander, also from Miletus

Question 3

considers Earth as the center of the universe.

Answer 3

Geocentric model

Pythagorean model

Question 4

assumes the sun to be the center of the universe.

Answer 4

Heliocentric model

Copernicus’s model

Question 5

was acknowledged to be the first to assert that Earth is round, and that the heavenly bodies move in circles.

Answer 5

Pythagoras

Question 6

was credited with having determined the relative positions of the sun, the moon, and Earth during solar and lunar eclipses.

Answer 6

anaxagoras

Question 7

retrograde motion.

Answer 7

west to east as predicted. But occasionally, they backtrack for a while

Question 8

first to “save the appearances”

Answer 8

Eudoxus model

Question 9

outermost sphere that was the domain of what he called the

Answer 9

Prime Mover

Question 10

the order of heavenly bodies in the universe was (from Earth out) : Earth, moon, Mercury, Venus, sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the fixed stars, and the firmament of the Prime Mover.

Answer 10

Aristotlemodel

Question 11

Aristotle divided the universe into two realms

Answer 11

terrestrial and the celestial

Question 12

Aristotle’s model was based on the three types of terrestrial motion :

Answer 12

natural, violent and alteration.

Question 13

tendency of an object to seek its natural place in the universe

Answer 13

Natural motion

Question 14

objects can be compelled to move in unnatural ways by the application of a force.

Answer 14

violentmotion

Question 15

vertical motion as

Answer 15

natural

Question 16

horizontal motion as

Answer 16

violent

Question 17

type of change or alteration

Answer 17

Generation is “coming to be”
corruption is “passing away.”

Question 18

known in his time as “The Greek Geometer”

Answer 18

Appollonius

Question 19

The Greek mathematician Appollonius , known in his time as “The Greek Geometer”, introduced the idea of an epicycle explain planetary motion.

Answer 19

Ptolemy model

Question 20

is a circle on which a planet moves

Answer 20

epicycle

Question 21

The center of this small circle in turn moved around Earth along a bigger circular path called the

Answer 21

deferent

Question 22

refined this model by considering that Earth was off-center or eccentric in the deferent where the sun moved.

Answer 22

hipparchus

Question 23

He defined a point on the other side of the deferent’s center and called it the

Answer 23

equant

Question 24

asserted that Earth spins on its axis every day and revolves around the sun just like the other planets; only the moon orbits Earth.

Answer 24

Nicolas copernicus

Question 25

Johannes Kepler Laws

Answer 25

Law of Ellipses Law of Equal Areas Law of Harmonies

Question 26

which states that the planets move in ellipses having a common focus situated at the sun

Answer 26

Law of ellipses

Question 27

Closest point to the sun

Answer 27

perihelion

Question 28

Farthest point to the send

Answer 28

Aphelion

Question 29

move around the sun in such a way that a line drawn from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time. the planet moves fastest at the perihelion and slowest at the aphelion.

Answer 29

Law of Equal areas

Question 30

It states that the squares of the periods of the planets are proportional to the cubes of their mean distances from the sun.

Answer 30

Law of harmonies