Module 10 Flashcards
When you dissolve sodium fluoride in water, which compound is the solute and which is the solvent?
Sodium fluoride is the solute
water is the solvent
Contrast the way ionic compounds dissolve in water with the way that polar covalent compounds in water.
(Ionic compounds split up into their ions when they dissolve) Ionic compounds will split up into 2 or more ions in a solution. Polar covalent compounds dissolve 1 molecule at a time.
What is wrong with this statement: It does not matter what the solvent is in determining the solubility.
It does matter what the solvent is. The same solute will dissolve differently in different solvents.
What is a saturated solution?
It is a solution that contains as much dissolved solute as is possible for the given temperature and pressure
Within the topic of solution, what is precipitation?
It is the process by which a solid solute leaves a solution and turns back into its solid phase.
What kind of solute dissolves best under high-temperature conditions?
Solid solutes dissolve best at high-temperature
What kind of solute dissolves best under high-pressure conditions?
gas solutes dissolve best under high-pressure conditions
What kind of solute has a solubility that is least affected by the conditions under which the solution is made?
liquid solutes are not effected strongly by the conditions of the solution.
If a solid solute is not dissolving well in water, what can you do to increase its solubility?
you can increase the temperature to increase the solubility
If a gas solute is not dissolving well in water, what can you do to increase its solubility?
decrease temperature and/or increase pressure
If a chemist makes a solution in a beaker using water and a solute that dissolves endothermically in water, would you expect the beaker to feel hot or cold?
Cold
What is the difference between molality and molarity?
molality takes the number of moles of solute and divides by the Kilograms of Solvent. molarity takes the number of moles of solute and divides by the Liters of the Solution.
If you wanted to protect water from freezing which compound would accomplish this best: NaNO3, Mg(NO3)2, or Al(NO3)3?
Al(NO3)3. because it will split into the most ions
What does the solubility of a solvent depend on?
The identity of the solute and the identity of the solvent
What are the requirements for dissolving a solid?
the solvent molecules must be attracted to the solute molecules so strongly that the solvent molecules can get between the solute molecules or ions and pull them far apart from each other
What are the requirements for dissolving a liquid?
The solvent molecules need to be attracted to the solute molecules only a small amount because the solvent does not need to separate the solute molecules very much. The solvent merely needs to get between the solute molecules.
What are the requirements for dissolving a gas?
The solvent molecules must be attracted to the solute molecules enough to pull the solute molecules closer to one another.
How does pressure effect each phase of solute?
If the pressure of a gas increases so does its solubility.
Pressure does not effect a solid or a liquid.
How does temperature effect each phase of solute?
If the temp of a solid solute increases so does its solubility. if the temp of a gas solute decreases its solubility increases. the temp of a liquid doesn’t effect its solubility
An open glass of soda pop sitting on the counter gets flatter than the same open glass of soda pop in the fridge. Why?
since the solubility of gases increases with decreasing temperature, a colder soda will hold onto more CO2 than a warm soda.
If a solute dissolves in water endothermically, what can you do to decrease its solubility?
Decrease the temperature
What is responsible for an ionic solid dissolving in water
The polar nature of water attracts the opposite ions in the solid and separates them.
