Module 10 Flashcards by Clarice Bourland

business analytics (BA)

The process of analyzing data to evaluate a company’s operations

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computer aided design (CAD)

A general term applied to the use of computer technology to automate design functions.

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data warehouse

A comprehensive collection of data about a company and its customers.

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geographic information system (GIS)

An information system that combines geographic information with other types of data (such as information about customers, sales, and so forth) in order to provide a better understanding of the relationships among the data.

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mamagement information system (MIS)

A type of information system that provides decision makers with preselected information that can be used to make middle-management decisions.

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neural network

An expert system in which the human brain’s pattern-recognition process is emulated by the computer system.

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robot

A device, controlled by a human operator or a computer, that can move and react to sensory input.

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system development life cycle (SDLC)

The process consisting of the six phases of system development: preliminary investigation, system analysis, system design, system acquisition, system implementation, and system maintenance.

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systems analyst

A person who studies systems in an organization in order to determine what work needs to be done and how this work may best be achieved.

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transaction processing system (TPS)

A type of information system that processes and records data created by an organization’s business transactions.

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system

a collection of elements and procedures that work together to accomplish a goal

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information system (IS)

system used to generate the information needed to support the users in an organization

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digital ecosystem

the collection of people, products, services, and business processes related to a digital element

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components of an information system

people, hardware, software, data, and procedures

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systems development

the process of designing and implementing a new or modified system

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enterprise architecture

provides a detailed picture of an organization, its functions, its systems, and the relationship among them

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business intelligence (BI)

the process of gathering, storing, accessing, and analyzing data to make better business decisions

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data mining

the use of intelligent software to find subtle patterns that may not otherwise be evident

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enterprise system

used through an entire enterprise, inter-enterprise used by multiple enterprises

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office system

facilitates communications and enhances productivity

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document processing systems

hardware and software used to create electronic documents

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Document management systems (DMSs)

store, organize, and retrieve electronic documents

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Content management systems (CMSs)

DMSs that also include multimedia files, images, and other content

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communication systems

allow business employees to communicate with each other, business partners, and customers

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Transaction processing systems (TPSs)

process and record data created by an organization’s business transactions

order entry systems

type of TPSs like e-commerce and point of sale systems

payroll systems

used to compute employees taxes, deductions, and pay

accounting systems

accounts receivable, payable, and general ledger systems

Management information systems (MISs)

provide decision makers with regular, routine, and timely information that’s used to make decisions

Decision support systems (DSSs)

used by middle and executive managers to make unstructured decisions

Electronic data interchange (EDI)

transfer of data between different companies using the internet or another network

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

large integrated system that ties together all of a business’s activities

inventory management system

track and manage inventory

Product lifecycle management (PLM) systems

manage a system through its entire lifecycle, from design to retirement

Computer aided manufacturing (CAM)

use of computer technology to automate manufacturing processes; 3d printing applications

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems

includes a computer that uses AI to perform actions that are characteristic of human intelligence

Intelligent Agents (virtual assistants and smart assistants)

perform specific tasks to help make a users work environment more efficient or entertaining

expert systems

provide the type of advice that would be expected from a human expert; 2 main components: knowledge base-database of facts and rules provided by human experts, inference engine-applies rules to data stored in knowledge base to reach decisions

Information systems (IS) department

aka IT department, responsible for an organization’s computers, systems, and other technology

outsourcing

hiring outside vendors to perform specific business tasks; offshoring, nearshoring, homesourcing, and crowdsourcing

preliminary investigation

feasibility study performed to assess whether or not a full-scale project should be undertaken

system analysis

examines the current system and identified problems

system design

specifies what the new system will look like and how it will work

system acquisition

the system analyst determines where to obtain the necessary hardware, software, and other system components

benchmark tests

help evaluate and compare proposed solutions

system implementation

the new system is installed, tested, and made operational

system maintenance

ongoing process of identifying glitches and updating

traditional system development

SDLC steps are carried out in the traditional order

prototyping

a small model or prototype of the system is built before the full-scale development effort is undertaken

end-user development approach

user is primarily responsible for the development of the system

T/F: Executive managers tend to make highly unstructured decisions.

true

T/F: A decision support system would most likely be used by a nonmanagement worker.

false

T/F: An expert system is an example of an office system.

false

T/F: Assigning business tasks to an external company is referred to as outsourcing.

true

T/F: Users are only involved in the system development life cycle if the end-user approach is being used.

false

The software program used in an expert system in conjunction with the knowledge base to reach decisions is called the ______.

inference engine

A(n) _____ is the computer professional who is most involved in the system development process.

systems analyst

Benefits that are easy to quantify in dollars are called _____benefits.

tangible

A(n) _____ is a model of a system that is built during systems development.

prototype

Match each term with its description, and write the corresponding number in the blank to the left of each description. 1. Used to store, organize, and retrieve electronic documents. 2. The process of gathering, storing, accessing, and analyzing data in order to make better business decisions. 3. Used to provide upper managers with the information they need to make decisions. 1. DSS 2. DMS 3. BI

1. Used to store, organize, and retrieve electronic documents. 2. DMS 2. The process of gathering, storing, accessing, and analyzing data in order to make better business decisions. 1. DSS 3. Used to provide upper managers with the information they need to make decisions. 3. BI

A system containing knowledge from medical experts that is used to help diagnose patients would be a type of ___________. a. neural network b. natural language system c. expert system

c. expert system

True or False: An order-entry system would be classified as a management information system.

false

A(n) _________ is a device, controlled by a human, that can move and react to sensory input.

robot

The first step of the system development life cycle is to __________. a. design the system b. perform a preliminary investigation c. implement the system

b. perform a preliminary investigation

True or False: The traditional approach to systems development also is referred to as the waterfall model.

true

A test used to evaluate or measure a systems performance is called a(n) __________.

benchmark test

Which term refers to outsourcing work to another country? a. benchmarking b. ofshoring c. prototyping

b. offshoring

True or False: The IT worker who codes computer programs is known as the computer operator.

false

The IT employee most involved with system development is the __________.

systems analyst