Module 10 Flashcards
Radical departure from the three-stores model of memory.
levels- of-processing framework
An even more powerful inducement to recall.
self-reference effect
An organized system of internal cues regarding our attributes, our personal experiences, and ourselves.
Self-schema
Encoding of the particular item (e.g., a word or other fact) in terms of its characteristics, including the various levels of processing.
within-item elaboration
Second kind of strategy, encoding by relating each item’s features to the features of items already in memory.
Between-item elaboration
Two kinds of strategies for elaborating the encoding:
- Within-item elaboration
- Between-item elaboration
Holds only the most recently activated, or conscious, portion of long term memory and it moves these activated elements into and out of brief, temporary memory storage.
WORKING MEMORY
Baddeley originally suggested that working memory compromises FIVE ELEMENTS;
- VISUOSPATIAL SKETCHPAD
- PHONOLOGICAL LOOP
- CENTRAL EXECUTIVE
- SUBSIDIARY SLAVE SYSTEM
- EPISODIC BUFFER
The first out of five elements that briefly holds some visual images.
VISUOSPATIAL SKETCHPAD
One of the five elements, this elements briefly holds inner speech for verbal comprehension and for acoustic rehearsal.
PHONOLOGICAL LOOP
2 critical components of phonological loop:
- Phonological storage - (holds info. in memory)
- Subvocal rehearsal - (used to put info. into memory)
The third element which both coordinates attentional activities and governs responses.
CENTRAL EXECUTIVE
The fourth element that perform other cognitive or perceptual tasks.
SUBSIDIARY SLAVE SYSTEMS
The fifth component or element, it is a limited capacity system that is capable of binding information from visuospatial sketchpad and tge phonological loop as well as from long term memory into a unitary episodic representation.
EPISODIC BUFFER
TWO KINDS OF EXPLICIT MEMORY:
- SEMANTIC MEMORY
- EPISODIC MEMORY STORES
One of the two kinds of explicit memory that stores general world knowledge.
SEMANTIC MEMORY
One of the two kinds of explicit memory that personally experienced events or episodes.
EPISODIC MEMORY STORES
Node that activates a connected node.
PRIME
The resulting activation of the mode.
PRIMING EFFECT
Someone who demonstates extraordinarily keen memory ability, usually based on using special techniques for memory enhancement.
MNEMONISTS
Comprises the activated portion of long-term memory and operates through at least some amount of parallel processing.
WORKING MEMORY
Involves the simultaneeous (parallel) activation (priming) of multiple links among nodeswithin the network.
SPREADING ACTIVATION
Severe loss of explicit memory.
AMNESIA
Typically impaired in amnesia.
Explicit memory
Individuals loose their purposeful memory for events prior to whatever trauma induces memory loss.
RETROGRADE AMNESIA
Inability to remember events that occur after a traumatic event.
ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
Inability to recall events that happened when we were very young.
INFANTILE AMNESIA
Types of amnesia:
- RETROGRADE AMNESIA
- ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
- INFANTILE AMNESIA
A desease of older adults that causes dementiaas well as progressive memory loss.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
