Module 10 Flashcards
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding?
National Institute of Nursing Research
Explanation:
The nurse would most likely contact the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), which was established under the National Institutes of Health in response to a 1983 study by the Institute of Medicine. The institute’s purpose was to place nursing securely in the sphere of scientific investigation and to support research and training in client care, health promotion, and disease prevention, as well as the mitigation of effects of acute and chronic disabilities.
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, “My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow.” The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Traditional knowledge
Explanation:
Traditional knowledge is known as knowledge that is passed down from one generation to the next. A grandmother passing information is an example of traditional knowledge.
_______ knowledge is information that is gleaned from an expert based on their perceived experience.
Authoritative
______ knowledge is derived through the scientific method.
Scientific
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: “In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?” The nurse identifies the “P” as:
adults.
What does PICOT stand for?
Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Time
The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory?
Person
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the “O” in the team’s PICO question refer to?
Preventing skin breakdown
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Erikson.
Explanation:
Erik Erikson based his theory of psychosocial development on the process of socialization, emphasizing how individuals learn to interact with the world. Erikson recognized the role of social, biologic, and environmental factors in development, and defined specific tasks or conflicts that people accomplish or overcome during what he defined as the eight stages of life, based on chronologic age
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
A nurse researcher who plans to collect and analyze data for the purpose of improving clinical practice should select which method of research?
Applied research
Explanation:
Applied research is used to improve clinical practice.
What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice?
Evidence-based research
A nurse researcher develops a foreground question in preparation for conducting a research study. The question is: “In clients with intravenous catheters, how does replacing administration sets every 72 hours (h) compared with other frequent intervals (24h, 48h, or 96h) decrease infection rates?” Applying the PICO framework, which part of the statement reflects the “O”?
Decrease infection rates
Which is a focus of medical research rather than nursing research?
Drug metabolism
A nurse working in a long-established hospital learned a specific approach to administering intravenous injections from the previous generation of nurses at the hospital. This is an example of which type of knowledge?
Traditional knowledge
Explanation:
Traditional knowledge is passed from one generation to another.
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?
General systems theory
Explanation:
General systems theory is an example of an interdisciplinary base for a nursing theory. This theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work together in “systems.” It emphasizes relationships between the whole and the parts and describes how parts function and behave.
A nurse is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The nurse is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nurse reading?
abstract
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Evaluating practice change
Explanation:
The fifth and final step in the process of implementing evidence-based practice is to evaluate and critically appraise the change in practice.
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, “a 45-year-old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation”?
P
One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice.
A group of concepts and the relationships among them is what?
theory
In order for the nurse to be able to apply the knowledge that has been obtained in the formal education process, which theory would best break whole concepts into parts and then determine how the parts would work together as a whole?
General systems theory
Explanation:
Ludwig von Bertalanffy developed the theory for universal application which is a general systems theory. It describes how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work together in “systems”. It emphasizes relationships between the whole and the parts and describes how parts function and behave.
What is the process of considering a group of specific ideas and then drawing conclusions that relate to a general idea?
Inductive reasoning
Explanation:
Inductive reasoning is derived from consideration of specific properties to draw conclusions about a general idea.
_____ reasoning involves considering an idea as a whole and then considering more specific ideas.
Deductive
A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health?
Emotional dimension
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?
It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.
A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?
Coronary artery disease
A client who has recently been diagnosed with a chronic illness appears to be depressed. When the nurse asks if there is something wrong, the client states, “Nothing will ever be the same for me since I have this disease.” What is the most appropriate response for the nurse?
“If you maintain a positive self-concept, you can live as normally as possible.”
A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?
Tertiary
Explanation:
Tertiary health promotion and illness prevention begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated, with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate clients to a maximum level of functioning. Referring an HIV-positive client to a local support group would be an example of tertiary preventive care.
What is the definition of wellness?
An active state of being healthy
A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?
Symptoms are not experienced.
The nurse should identify the need for further teaching when the client with diabetes who is taking daily insulin and follows a strict diet makes which statement?
“I cannot possibly ever be considered as healthy.”
When chronic illnesses and disabilities are present, individuals benefit most from activities that:
help them maintain independence.
The nurse is caring for a very active, athletic adolescent recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The client appears to be withdrawn and depressed when the nurse asks how the client is doing today. Using the health belief model, what step(s) will the nurse take to create a plan of care for this client? Select all that apply
Encourage the client to participate in as many activities as he or she can tolerate and provide information for health counselling.
Review possible outcomes of the diagnosis with the client, allowing the client to express concerns while providing support.
Conduct an in-depth interview of the client’s previous health issues, how the client reacted to the illness, and what support system the client has.
The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and associated pleuritic chest pain. Which would be a priority when creating the nursing care plan?
Monitoring airway clearance.
